Simultaneous simulations of uptake in plants and leaching to groundwater of cadmium and lead for arable land amended with compost or farmyard manure.

he water budget of soil, the uptake in plants and the leaching to groundwater of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were simulated simultaneously using a physiological plant uptake model and a tipping buckets water and solute transport model for soil. Simulations were compared to results from a ten-year experimental field study, where four organic amendments were applied every second year. Predicted concentrations slightly decreased (Cd) or stagnated (Pb) in control soils, but increased in amended soils by about 10% (Cd) and 6% to 18% (Pb). Estimated plant uptake was lower in amended plots, due to an increase of Kd (dry soil to water partition coefficient). Predicted concentrations in plants were close to measured levels in plant residues (straw), but higher than measured concentrations in grains. Initially, Pb was mainly predicted to deposit from air into plants (82% in 1998); the next years, uptake from soil became dominating (30% from air in 2006), because of decreasing levels in air. For Cd, predicted uptake from air into plants was negligible (1–5%)

Isolated pelvic bone involvement as a presentation of alveolar echinococcosis.

peer reviewe

Numerical simulations of isoproturon transport in conventional soil cultivation with compost obtained by urban biological waste recycling

Strukturna heterogenost tla uzrokovana agrotehničkim zahvatima može imati veliki utjecaj na tok vode i pronos tvari. Glavni cilj rada je bio procijeniti kako prisustvo različitih strukturnih zona u obradivom sloju tla utječe na iniciranje preferencijalnih tokova vode u tlu te procijeniti utjecaj degradacije herbicida izoproturona na dinamiku njegova pronosa. Dugogodišnji podatci s poljskog pokusa (QualiAgro, 2004. – 2010.) na kojem se vrši primjena komposta dobivenog recikliranjem urbanog bio-otpada korišteni su za kalibraciju i verifikaciju numeričkog modela HYDRUS-2D. Tok vode i dinamika izoproturona uspješno su simulirani nakon kalibracije hidrauličkih parametara i temporalne optimizacije brzine degradacije izoproturona. Preferencijalni tokovi su inicirani u međubrazdama uslijed velike poroznosti nastale dodatkom komposta, a kao posljedice usmjeravanja toka okolo zbijenih zona tla. S druge strane, dodatak komposta dobiven recikliranjem kanalizacijskog mulja i zelenog bio-otpada povećao je degradaciju i sorpciju izoproturona u zonama koje su sadržavale najveće količine komposta te se posljedično smanjio i njegov pronos.The structural soil heterogeneity caused by agro-technical measures can have a large impact on water flow and sediment transfer. The main objective of the paper was to evaluate how the presence of different structural zones in the soil’s arable layer affects the initiation of preferential water flows in the soil and to assess the impact of the herbicide isoproturon degradation rate on the dynamics of its transport. Long-period data from the Polish trial (QualiAgro, 2004 - 2010) which applies compost obtained through urban biological waste recycling were used for the calibration and verfication of the numerical model HYDRUS-2D. Water flow and isoproturon dynamics were successfully simulated after the calibration of hydraulic parameters and temporal optimization of the isoproturon degradation rate. Preferential flows occured in interfurrows due to a high compost porosity resulting from the flow’s direction around the soil’s compacted zones. On the other hand, the addition of compost obtained through recycling of sewage sludge and green biological waste increased isoproturon degradation and sorption in areas containing the highest compost amounts, thus reducing its transport

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.054

Kinetically defined metal fractions mimic mobility aspects of heavy metals. Abstract Kinetic EDTA and citrate extractions were used to mimic metal mobilization in a soil contaminated by metallurgical fallout. Modeling of metal removal rates vs. time distinguished two metal pools: readily labile (Q M1 ) and less labile (Q M2 ). In citrate extractions, total extractability (Q M1 þ Q M2 ) of Zn and Cd was proportionally higher than for Pb and Cu. Proportions of Pb and Cu extracted with EDTA were three times higher than when using citrate. We observed similar Q M1 /Q M2 ratios for Zn and Cu regardless of the extractant, suggesting comparable binding energies to soil constituents. However, for Pb and Cd, more heterogeneous binding energies were hypothesized to explain different kinetic extraction behaviors. Proportions of citrate-labile metals were found consistent with their short-term, in-situ mobility assessed in the studied soil, i.e., metal amount released in the soil solution or extracted by cultivated plants. Kinetic EDTA extractions were hypothesized to be more predictive for long-term metal migration with depth

Organisation des constituants et interactions physicochimiques au sein des microagrégats de sols. Application au système ferrallitique kaolinite-oxyde de fer

182 ref. *INRA, Centre de Versailles (FRA) Diffusion du document : INRA, Centre de Versailles (FRA) Diplôme : Dr. d'Universit

Organisation des constituants et interactions physicochimiques au sein des microagregats de sol : application au systeme ferrallitique kaolinite-oxyde de fer

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Evolution de la spéciation du plomb et du cadmium dans les sols

PARIS- AgroParisTech. Engref (751152303) / SudocSudocFranceF