The incidence rates of febrile malaria by age and ITN use.

<p>The incidence rates of febrile malaria by age and ITN use.</p

Survival plot of time to first episode of febrile malaria (>2,500 parasites per µl).

<p>Children are divided by age (in two categories) and by residence (in two transmission zones). P<0.0001 by logrank.</p

Logistic models to examine the effect of ITN use and transmission intensity on the category of malaria infection, and their interactions with age.

<p>Odds ratios (OR) from logistic regression are shown, for the risk of febrile malaria compared with asymptomatic infection, and then for the risk of any malaria infection (i.e. asymptomatic infection or febrile malaria) with uninfected status. Children are divided into equal groups of younger (12–42 months) and older (42–80 months) children. The ORs are shown for the effect of ITN use according among the younger and then older children separately, and then the interaction term for ITN use and older age is shown by *. The same format is then used for the effect of residence at low transmission intensity (Low trans.).</p

Survival plot of time to first episode of febrile malaria (>2,500 parasites per µl).

<p>Children are divided by age (in two categories) and by ITN use. P<0.0001 by logrank.</p

The effect of ITN use and residence at low transmission intensity on risk of febrile malaria, and the interactions with age group.

<p>Hazard ratios (HR) from Cox regression and incidence rate ratios (IRR) from Poisson regression are shown for survival and multiple event analyses, respectively. Children are divided into equal groups of younger (12–42 months) and older (42–80 months) children. The interaction term for ITN use and older age is shown by *. (i.e. the HR/IRR for what was observed in older children using ITNs compared with what would have been predicted for the additive effect of ITN use and older age).</p

Forest plot for trials comparing treatment failure among children in low-income settings who were treated with amoxicillin or benzyl penicillin for severe pneumonia.

<p>See supplementary figure 2 of [<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001825#pmed.1001825.ref019" target="_blank">19</a>].</p

Details of search strategy used to identify studies on epidemiology of chikungunya infections among children globally, from PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science databases.

Details of search strategy used to identify studies on epidemiology of chikungunya infections among children globally, from PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science databases.</p

The probability of remaining free of clinical malaria is plotted over the 9 months of monitoring.

<p>Numbers of children at risk are given below the Kaplan Meier plots. Both plots use an endpoint of >2,500 parasites per microlitre and fever. Plot a) compares the probability of remaining free of clinical malaria for children with gastrointestinal helminth infection (GI Helm.) and uninfected children. Plot b) compares the probability of remaining free of clinical malaria for children with normal eosinophil counts (below 0.5×10⁶ per ml), mild eosinophilia (0.5–1×10⁶/ml) or high eosinophilia (above 1×10⁶/ml). The survival curves are not significantly different by unadjusted log-rank testing (p = 0.98 for gastrointestinal worm infection, p = 0.71 for eosinophilia).</p

The coefficients from cox regression models (left) and the coefficients from poisson regression models (right) adjusted for the same covariates are displayed for the effect of gastrointestinal helminth infection (GI Hel), <i>A. lumbricoides</i> infection (A. l.), <i>S. haematobium</i> (Sch), mild eosinophilia (Mild Eos) and marked eosinophilia (High Eos), adjusted for age, village and ITN use.

<p>The coefficients from cox regression models (left) and the coefficients from poisson regression models (right) adjusted for the same covariates are displayed for the effect of gastrointestinal helminth infection (GI Hel), <i>A. lumbricoides</i> infection (A. l.), <i>S. haematobium</i> (Sch), mild eosinophilia (Mild Eos) and marked eosinophilia (High Eos), adjusted for age, village and ITN use.</p

TRAP peptide specific IFN-γ and FoxP3 mRNA expression increase in the FFM ME-TRAP vaccine group over time.

<p>A) IFN-γ mRNA expression B) FoxP3 mRNA expression C) IL10 mRNA expression D) TGF-β1 mRNA expression (n = 10–20).</p