A Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge about Swine Flu among First-Year MBBS Students in Mamata Medical College, Khammam

Introduction: An outbreak of the H1N1 swine flu virus, in march 2009, spread rapidly through the world, leading to the declaration of an influenza pandemic by WHO on 11th June 2009.Objective: To assess the knowledge about swine flu among first-year MBBS students.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among first-year MBBS students of Mamata Medical College, Khammam, Telangana, during April 2015. Data were collected by using pilot-tested, self-administered questionnaire and results were analyzed by using SPSS version 19.Results: Majority 110 (96.5%) of the students are having correct knowledge regarding symptoms of swine flu. Around 58 (50.9%) students are having knowledge regarding spread/ mode of transmission of swine flu. Majority 74 (64.9%) of the students are having knowledge regarding availability of medication for swine flu.Conclusion: The awareness regarding H1N1 infection was adequate among the students who participated in this study and this can be attributed to the immediate training given to these students as well as to the mass media campaign which is important in epidemic situations to avoid its spread and complication

Nutritional Status of School Going Adolescents in Rural and Urban Areas of Visakhapatnam

Introduction: One of the greatest health problems globally as well as in India is under-nutrition among children. Early adolescence is a nutritionally vulnerable time when rapid physical growth increases nutrient demands. Inspite of several heath programs, conditions such as infections and malnutrition continue to be major threat leading to morbidities. This research intends to study and compare the nutritional status of school going adolescents aged between 11 yrs to 15 yrs in rural and urban areas of Visakhapatnam. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 800 early adolescents aged between 11 yrs to 15 yrs in government schools of rural and urban areas of Visakhapatnam. BMI-for-age was measured for assessment of nutritional status and BMI z scores were calculated based on WHO growth reference data for 5-19 yrs. Results: Among boys , 43.1% from rural and 35.11% from urban areas were thin ie having BMI for age < - 2SD. About 7.52% of boys in urban areas are in overweight or obese. Among girls (BMI for age <-2SD is almost similar in rural and urban areas. Anaemia is found to be more among adolescents residing in urban areas compared to rural. Conclusion: Malnutrition in both forms is more prevalent in boys both from rural and urban areas. Stringent implementation of Govt. schemes is needed to improve the nutritional status

Stereoselective synthesis of tetrahydropyranyl diarylheptanoids (−)-centrolobine and (+)-centrolobine

A versatile chiron approach to the tetrahydropyranyl diarylheptanoid natural products (−)-centrolobine and (+)-centrolobine has been described. The use of an aldol reaction followed by reductive etherification for the formation of tetrahydropyran ring is of importance

Synthesis of a diarylheptanoid,(+)-centrolobine

A chiron approach for the total synthesis of (+)-centrolobine has been described from the commercially available aldehyde 3 employing an acid-catalyzed stereoselective formation of tetrahydropyran ring as the key step. The desired molecule was accomplished in eight steps with 62% overall yield

Effects of antineoplastic drugs on oxidative stress and prognosis of hematological and various biochemical parameters in the treatment of breast cancer

Objective: This study aimed to to evaluate the variation and importance of certain hematological, enzymatic, and oxidative stress markers in women with breast cancer under chemotherapy treatment. Methods: The study comprised forty histopathologically proven female breast cancer patients at Omega Cancer Hospital in Visakhapatnam. All subjects were divided into four groups: a control group of 40 healthy females of similar age, a group of 40 breast cancer patients (before chemotherapy, during chemotherapy, and after chemotherapy), and all subjects were undergoing treatment with anticancer agents. Results: During chemotherapy, lipid peroxidation and Nitric oxide (NO) levels were significantly increased in AC-treated breast cancer patients than in controls. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were non-significant increase in treatment group than controls. Whereas biochemical profiles, were decreased in treatment group than controls. In AC-treated breast cancer patients, Hematological profiles were found significantly reduced than in controls. Conclusion: Chemotherapy causes a certain amount of systemic oxidative stress, which persists during subsequent clinical interventions and may influence the patients' clinical outcomes. Chemotherapy produced significant adverse effects such as anaemia, neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hepatic dysfunction as a side effect of treatment due to disturbed and lowered levels of haematological parameters.breast cance

Reductive N-alkylation of aromatic amines and nitro compounds with nitriles using polymethylhydrosiloxane

The potential utility of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) as a reducing agent for reductive N-alkylation of aromatic amines and nitro compounds using nitriles as an alkylating agent and Pd(OH)2/C as a catalyst is described. The application of this method for the synthesis of several heterocyclic compounds is also reported

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Not AvailableAbstract Background: Rice, a major food crop of the world, endures many major biotic stresses like bacterial blight (BB), fungal blast (BL) and the insect Asian rice gall midge (GM) that cause significant yield losses. Progress in tagging, mapping and cloning of several resistance (R) genes against aforesaid stresses has led to marker assisted multigene introgression into elite cultivars for multiple and durable resistance. However, no detailed study has been made on possible interactions among these genes when expressed simultaneously under combined stresses. Results: Our studies monitored expression profiles of 14 defense related genes in 11 rice breeding lines derived from an elite cultivar with different combination of R genes against BB, BL and GM under single and multiple challenge. Four of the genes found implicated earlier under combined GM and BB stress were confirmed to be induced (≥ 2 fold) in stem tissue following GM infestation; while one of these, cytochrome P450 family protein, was also induced in leaf in plants challenged by either BB or BL but not together. Three of the genes highlighted earlier in plants challenged by both BB and BL were also found induced in stem under GM challenge. Pi54 the target R gene against BL was also found induced when challenged by GM. Though expression of some genes was noted to be inhibited under combined pest challenge, such effects did not result in compromise in resistance against any of the target pests. Conclusion: While R genes generally tended to respond to specific pest challenge, several of the downstream defense genes responded to multiple pest challenge either single, sequential or simultaneous, without any distinct antagonism in expression of resistance to the target pests in two of the pyramided lines RPNF05 and RPNF08.ICAR-NAS