Has the U.S.-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement Led to Higher FDI into Vietnam?

In December 2001, a Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) came into effect that normalized economic relations between the United States and Vietnam. The resulting surge in trade surpassed most expectations. The impact of the BTA on FDI, however, has been less visible, especially with regard to U.S. FDI into Vietnam. This paper uses new data that accounts for FDI by U.S. subsidiaries resident in third counties to show that U.S. firms have been much more aggressive investors in Vietnam than normally reported in typical bilateral FDI data using Balance of Payments definitions of capital flows. While the U.S. is widely reported as the 11th largest investor into Vietnam, the new data shows that U.S.-related FDI exceeded all other countries in 2004. Although a formal model is not developed, descriptive data supports strongly the conclusion that the BTA has had a major impact on FDI into Vietnam, especially with regard to FDI from U.S. multinationals.FDI; Trade Agreement

Examining the Nursing Workforce Shortage in Vietnam : Implications for Nursing Education

This study examines the nursing human resource crisis in Vietnam that emerged in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. A literature review encompassing policy documents, statistics, reports, guidelines, news, media, and academic publications was conducted. Even before the pandemic, Vietnam grappled with a nursing shortage, with a nurse-to-population ratio significantly below the global average. The shortage of nurses jeopardizes nurse-to-patient ratios, patient safety, and equitable access to high-quality healthcare services. The nursing human resource crisis in Vietnam is further exacerbated by the limited capacity of nursing education institutions. Without substantial investments in nursing education, projections indicate that Vietnam may face a crisis of lacking nursing professionals in the near future. The post-COVID-19 nursing crisis in Vietnam underscores the urgent need for reforms in nursing education. Policy interventions should prioritize strategic workforce planning and increased financial investments in nursing education and training programs

Students’ Perceived Well-Being and Online Preference : Evidence from Two Universities in Vietnam during COVID-19

University education is still being impacted two years after the COVID-19 outbreak. We performed a rapid survey in February 2022 at two public universities in Vietnam to examine the effects of the pandemic on well-being and the factors that may associate with online class preference among university students as well as to investigate the need for support to improve resilience. A web-based survey included 1589 undergraduate students in total. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis was carried out. Overall, approximately a quarter of respondents said that they perceived an influence on their health, 42.9% expressed stress, and more than 70% reported worrying about the future. In total, 61.9% of the respondents reported having satisfaction with online classes, while over half of them preferred a program of 50% online classes. Students who live in an urban area, are female, have had pre-COVID-19 campus life experience, have decreased income, and/or experience low online satisfaction and over-information may be in need of more support. The results show implications for universities to consider policies addressing well-being and post-pandemic online education. Providing support to university students to improve their resilience against the impact on their studying, campus life, health, and well-being should be prioritized during and post-pandemic

Attitudes and Preferences of Nursing Undergraduates Towards Working Abroad : A Cross-Sectional Study in Vietnam

This cross-sectional study investigates the attitudes of undergraduate nursing students in Vietnam towards international study and work opportunities, as well as the factors influencing their preferences. Data was collected through a web-survey questionnaire in April 2023, targeting students from a university in Vietnam, including participants in the Japanese language special program and regular program. The study findings emphasize the significance of international experiences, particularly in enhancing communication and cross-cultural skills, fostering personal development, and improving career prospects for nursing undergraduates. Moreover, students in the special program revealed distinct preferences when considering their ideal destinations for studying or working abroad. They placed a greater emphasis on factors like a clean and beautiful living environment, long-term job prospects, and festivities. Additionally, for those interested in pursuing postgraduate study abroad, the students favored universities that offered job hunting support, tuition exemption, and modern infrastructure. This study sheds light on the attitudes and preferences of Vietnamese undergraduate nursing students towards international study and work opportunities, highlighting the importance of such experiences for personal growth and career advancement in the nursing profession. The findings carry practical implications for educational institutions and policymakers, emphasizing the need to design programs that cater to the unique needs and preferences of nursing students seeking international opportunities

Has the U.S.-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement Led to Higher FDI into Vietnam?

In December 2001, a Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) came into effect that normalized economic relations between the United States and Vietnam. The resulting surge in trade surpassed most expectations. The impact of the BTA on FDI, however, has been less visible, especially with regard to U.S. FDI into Vietnam. This paper uses new data that accounts for FDI by U.S. subsidiaries resident in third counties to show that U.S. firms have been much more aggressive investors in Vietnam than normally reported in typical bilateral FDI data using Balance of Payments definitions of capital flows. While the U.S. is widely reported as the 11th largest investor into Vietnam, the new data shows that U.S.-related FDI exceeded all other countries in 2004. Although a formal model is not developed, descriptive data supports strongly the conclusion that the BTA has had a major impact on FDI into Vietnam, especially with regard to FDI from U.S. multinationals

Has the U.S.-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement Led to Higher FDI into Vietnam?

In December 2001, a Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) came into effect that normalized economic relations between the United States and Vietnam. The resulting surge in trade surpassed most expectations. The impact of the BTA on FDI, however, has been less visible, especially with regard to U.S. FDI into Vietnam. This paper uses new data that accounts for FDI by U.S. subsidiaries resident in third counties to show that U.S. firms have been much more aggressive investors in Vietnam than normally reported in typical bilateral FDI data using Balance of Payments definitions of capital flows. While the U.S. is widely reported as the 11th largest investor into Vietnam, the new data shows that U.S.-related FDI exceeded all other countries in 2004. Although a formal model is not developed, descriptive data supports strongly the conclusion that the BTA has had a major impact on FDI into Vietnam, especially with regard to FDI from U.S. multinationals

A case study on trade in threatened Tiger Geckos (Goniurosaurus) in Vietnam including updated information on the abundance of the Endangered G. catbaensis

Tiger geckos of the genus Goniurosaurus are considered as a susceptible reptile group, due to their restricted distribution ranges, specialisation to specific microhabitats and generally low population densities. While still new species have been discovered recently, Goniurosaurus species are threatened by extinction through habitat loss and collection for the pet trade. Of the 19 described species, for only eight species, the conservation status has been assessed within the IUCN Red List between 2016 and 2018 and all have been classified in the threat categories VU (Vulnerable), EN (Endangered) and CR (Critically Endangered). Goniurosaurus spp. are popular in the international pet market at least since the 1990s and several species experienced local extirpations as a consequence of massive over-collection in the past. However, tiger geckos have not been paid much attention for conservation, amongst others, due to the lack of comprehensive knowledge on their conservation status and biology. This study provides an overview of international trade in Goniurosaurus based on available data from 1999 to 2018 in the U.S. as well as data from online surveys and interviews in Europe and Vietnam, with the main focus on species native to Vietnam. All five tiger gecko species known from Vietnam were found in the local trade as wild captures for the national and international market and / or in the U.S. and Europe for relatively higher prices. We found that entire trade chains are very long (including several transfers and dealers involved) and that keeping and transport happen under poor conditions. We herein provide updated information on the abundance of the Endangered Cat Ba Tiger Gecko, which was recently shown to not only occur at its type locality, Cat Ba Island, Hai Phong City, North Vietnam, but also to inhabit small offshore islands in the Ha Long Bay, Quang Ninh Province. While the wild effective population was found to be relatively stable on four islands in Ha Long Bay, consisting of about 124 and 129 individuals in July 2017 and April 2018, respectively, the abundance of other sub-populations, impacted by anthropogenic pressures were found to be very low (2–10 individuals). Based on our findings, we propose stringent conservation measures to more efficiently protect wild tiger gecko populations, such as the inclusion in the Governmental Decree in Vietnam, the assessment of remaining species in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the inclusion in the Appendices of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

Menstruation-Related Symptoms and Associated Factors among Female University Students in Vietnam

Menstruation and menstrual-related symptoms, stress, and lifestyle factors can significantly affect the health and academic lives of university students. This study aimed to explore menstruation-related symptoms and associated factors among female university students in Vietnam. This study used a cross-sectional design. Data from 349 students were analyzed for menstrual and menstrual-related symptoms using the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ). We found that 92.0% and 98.9% of the students had menstrual-related symptoms in the pre- and intra-menstrual phases, respectively. The most common symptoms in each phase were backache (71.1%) in the pre-menstrual phase and fatigue (90.3%) in the intra-menstrual phase. Menstruation-related symptoms were associated with stress. These results contribute significantly to our understanding of menstrual health among Vietnamese university students. These findings imply the need to strengthen support systems for university students, especially by providing proper information about menstruation and managing stress

TÍNH CHẤT QUANG CỦA DUNG DỊCH CACBON NANO CHẾ TẠO TỪ HẠT ĐẬU XANH

In this study, we synthesized carbon nanodots (CDs) from mung bean with the hydrothermal method. The average diameter of the CDs is 13.8 nm. The UV-vis absorption spectrum shows a characteristic peak at l = 280 nm, corresponding to the n → p* transition in the C=O bonds. The obtained CDs exhibit a broad emission spectrum ranging from 320 to 460 nm under different excitation wavelengths. Furthermore, by using the comparative method and quinine sulfate as a reference, we obtained a quantum yield of 12.18%. This quantum yield is relatively high compared with that of other precursors.Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi tiến hành chế tạo vật liệu hạt cacbon nano (CDs) từ hạt đậu xanh bằng phương pháp thủy nhiệt. Vật liệu CDs chế tạo được có đường kính trung bình d = 13,8 nm. Kết quả khảo sát phổ hấp thụ cho thấy đỉnh đặc trưng ở bước sóng l = 280 nm, ứng với chuyển dịch    n → π* của liên kết C=O. Các hạt CDs phát bức xạ dạng phổ rộng trong vùng 320–460 nm khi thay đổi bước sóng kích thích. Hơn nữa, sử dụng quinine sulfate làm dung dịch đối chứng và áp dụng phương pháp so sánh, chúng tôi đã bước đầu tính được giá trị hiệu suất lượng tử của dung dịch cacbon nano (12,18%). Đây là giá trị hiệu suất lượng tử khá cao khi so sánh với hạt cacbon nano chế tạo từ các nguồn nguyên liệu khác