ASEAN E-Commerce Legal Framework and Alignment of Lao PDR: A Review

In the era of digital technology, the internet has become a new channel for meeting and social interaction of people all around the world, and it has also become an essential platform for commercial activities, especially e-commerce. E-commerce has become a significant driving force for the growth of the economy for all regions around the world. For example, ASEAN, ICT, and e-commerce are recognized as an essential segment for regional integration. ASEAN developed its legal framework in order to promote and facilitate the development of ICT and the growth of e-commerce within the region. Unlike the European Union, ASEAN is not a supranational organization, and it cannot legislate for a whole community. Thus its e-commerce legal framework is developed by harmonizing the Member Countries' national laws into the regional legal system. This paper aims to introduce how ASEAN designs its legal framework for regional cooperation, with a focus on e-commerce. The paper presents how Lao PDR, as a member country of ASEAN, fulfills provisions agreed under the e-ASEAN framework to help understand the way ASEAN Member Countries undertake action to align with ASEAN e-commerce legal framework. To this end, this paper also provides an overview of the e-commerce of ASEAN as a whole and Lao PDR. Keywords: ASEAN, Lao PDR, E-Commerce Legal Framework, Regional Legal System

Law Concept in ASEAN Economic Community – A Study of e-Commerce Legal Modernization

This research project is an investigation of the regional legal regime in the ASEAN Community. The thesis has adopted a functional, rather than conceptual, approach to understand the regional legalism of ASEAN. The study also provides a contemporary topic related to highlights of the ASEAN’s recent engagement in the regional economic integration to help understand the historic background of its community-building. The main question in this thesis is what law regime of ASEAN Community without supranational structures is, in which the thesis narrows the case study on development of e-commerce law of ASEAN under economic community-building. To answer this question, the thesis firstly investigates the ground of regional integration and legalization in the Community-building, where ASEAN has adopted an instrumentalist conception of the legalism and one based on ‘thin’ constitutionalism. The features of the legal regime in the ASEAN Community are – state-controlled, limited, evolutionary and resting on soft legal regime unlike the European Union that depends more on hard law regime. Despite this, it is argued that even though the European Union model is often utilized as a mother of inspiration, each regional integration bears different model constituent in order to make the best adapt to their regional or local contexts. This thesis examines the ASEAN’s approach in developing regional legal system through the case of e-commerce law development, as well as the challenges in connection with the legal regime and e-commerce laws under the regional integration. The thesis establishes the findings to the exact legal development methods taken by ASEAN in chasing regional e-commerce law and policy. The findings indicate that ASEAN applies a soft legal regime through approach of legal harmonization regarding substantivate commerce law, while abstaining from building a centralized representative body or institution. The study also reveals that although ASEAN has made a great progress in developing principles of e-commerce law among ASEAN jurisdictions and series of e-commerce laws are developed and harmonized, but the complex legal and institutional regime can significantly undermine implementation and enforcement of regional laws of ASEAN. and remain some key challenges

Video Steganography with LSB Color Detection

Steganography is the method employed to prevent unsolicited access and malicious use of sensitive information. This research proposes an alternative approach to video steganography by exploiting Least Significant Bit (LSB) in the binary stream. Its main contribution is incorporating a color detection technique to optimize steganographic performance. The proposed encoding and decoding methods were implemented on MATLAB software to illustrate its applicability on uncompressed AVI movie. The results showed that it could conceal text, image, audio, and video data with non-secret streams. In this study, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) was used to assess its performance, whereby significant improvement over generic methods was foun

Libérer le potentiel révolutionnaire de la technologie des chaînes de blocs pour le développement humain

Version anglaise disponible dans la Bibliothèque numérique du CRDI: Unpacking the disruptive potential of blockchain technology for human developmentDes technologies, vieilles comme nouvelles, propulsent la vague actuelle d’innovation partout dans le monde. L’intelligence artificielle, la robotique et l’apprentissage machine gagnent du terrain et sont déployés dans une grande variété de contextes à l’échelle mondiale. Une technologie plutôt énigmatique, mais dont on entend souvent parler, est la chaîne de blocs, une technologie émergente développée dans le cadre du bitcoin, une cryptomonnaie inventée en 2008. Alors que les innovations dans les domaines de l’intelligence artificielle et de la robotique semblent avoir un côté sombre, de nombreuses personnes considèrent les chaînes de blocs comme une plateforme pour un changement positif, voire révolutionnaire

Unpacking the disruptive potential of blockchain technology for human development

French version available in IDRC Digital Library: Libérer le potentiel révolutionnaire de la technologie des chaînes de blocs pour le développement humainTechnologies old and new are propelling the current wave of innovation around the world. Artificial intelligence, robotics and machine learning are all gaining new ground and being deployed in a wide variety of contexts globally. One of the more cryptic but oft-hyped technologies is blockchain, an emergent technology developed as part of Bitcoin, the cryptocurrency invented in 2008. Whereas Artificial Intelligence and robotics innovations seem to have a dark side, many perceive blockchain technology as a platform for positive and even radical change

Free/Open Source Software - A General Introduction

The world of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) changes rapidly. New technologies and with them, new opportunities, come and go at an ever increasing speed. The Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) movement is one such development that is playing out before us today. It is many things - revolutionary development process, disruptive technology, ideological movement, new knowledge and standards, and more. It offers many opportunities for governmental, private sector, and educational institutions. Organizations, as well as developing nations, that take advantage of FOSS and implement them appropriately stand to gain much, while those that fail to take advantage of this opportunity may find their ICT development lagging behind that of comparable organizations..

Intérêt des clichés dynamiques de contrôle à distance des entorses cervicales

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