Analysis of Flue-cured Tobacco Supply Elasticity in Zimbabwe 1980-2010: An Error Correction Model Approach

Flue cured tobacco has been an important crop for the Zimbabwean economy historically in terms of foreign currency earnings and employment creation. Between 1980 and 2000, there is a general increase in tobacco output, followed by a sharp decline from 2001 up to 2008 and then output starts to increase again. Flue cured tobacco output as measured by the quantity that is delivered to the auction floors is used to estimate supply elasticity. The objective is to determine if flue-cured tobacco supply is price elastic and whether price incentives alone will boost supply in the short -run. Time series data on flue cured tobacco output, prices, production costs, prices of major competing crops, the exchange rates and inflation are analysed to model the price elasticity of flue cured tobacco between 1980 and 2010. The Augmented Dickey –Fuller unit root test is performed to test the variables for stationarity. The data generating processes show these data series to be non-stationary and therefore OLS estimations would be biased. The data series are differenced and the Engel-Granger procedure is performed to test for cointegration. The Error Correction Model approach is used to estimate flue cured tobacco supply. Flue cured tobacco supply is found to be price inelastic in the short –run.Supply elasticity, stationary data, cointegration, error correction model., Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,

A preliminary cost-effectiveness analysis of denitrifying bioreactors in the Lower Burdekin

A cost-effectiveness (CE) analysis was undertaken to assess the cost per kilogram of nitrate-nitrogen ($/kg N) removed by denitrifying bioreactor beds in a sugarcane production system in Queensland. The preliminary analysis evaluates the CE of a 34m3 bioreactor bed trialled on a sugarcane farm in the lower Burdekin delta district, conducted as part of the Bioreactors for GBR Project, funded through the Queensland Reef Water Quality Program. The aim of the project was to investigate the nitrate removal performance of bioreactor beds receiving run-off from sugarcane farms in the lower Burdekin. In addition, the CE of a hypothetical 100m3 bioreactor scenario is also explored. The project trialled and monitored three bioreactor beds in the lower Burdekin. Of the three trials, one produced a more comprehensive dataset compared to the others that had experienced significant blockages during the trial period. Data from this trial was therefore utilised in the CE analysis. High-frequency water quality monitoring was undertaken over 12 months (May 2019 - April 2020) with nitrate concentration, woodchip saturation and water flow analysed to enable calculation of the nitrogen removal rate (NRR)

A preliminary cost-effectiveness analysis of denitrifying bioreactors in the Lower Burdekin

A cost-effectiveness (CE) analysis was undertaken to assess the cost per kilogram of nitrate-nitrogen ($/kg N) removed by denitrifying bioreactor beds in a sugarcane production system in Queensland. The preliminary analysis evaluates the CE of a 34m3 bioreactor bed trialled on a sugarcane farm in the lower Burdekin delta district, conducted as part of the Bioreactors for GBR Project, funded through the Queensland Reef Water Quality Program. The aim of the project was to investigate the nitrate removal performance of bioreactor beds receiving run-off from sugarcane farms in the lower Burdekin. In addition, the CE of a hypothetical 100m3 bioreactor scenario is also explored. The project trialled and monitored three bioreactor beds in the lower Burdekin. Of the three trials, one produced a more comprehensive dataset compared to the others that had experienced significant blockages during the trial period. Data from this trial was therefore utilised in the CE analysis. High-frequency water quality monitoring was undertaken over 12 months (May 2019 - April 2020) with nitrate concentration, woodchip saturation and water flow analysed to enable calculation of the nitrogen removal rate (NRR)

Analysis of Flue-cured Tobacco Supply Elasticity in Zimbabwe 1980-2010: An Error Correction Model Approach

Flue cured tobacco has been an important crop for the Zimbabwean economy historically in terms of foreign currency earnings and employment creation. Between 1980 and 2000, there is a general increase in tobacco output, followed by a sharp decline from 2001 up to 2008 and then output starts to increase again. Flue cured tobacco output as measured by the quantity that is delivered to the auction floors is used to estimate supply elasticity. The objective is to determine if flue-cured tobacco supply is price elastic and whether price incentives alone will boost supply in the short -run. Time series data on flue cured tobacco output, prices, production costs, prices of major competing crops, the exchange rates and inflation are analysed to model the price elasticity of flue cured tobacco between 1980 and 2010. The Augmented Dickey –Fuller unit root test is performed to test the variables for stationarity. The data generating processes show these data series to be non-stationary and therefore OLS estimations would be biased. The data series are differenced and the Engel-Granger procedure is performed to test for cointegration. The Error Correction Model approach is used to estimate flue cured tobacco supply. Flue cured tobacco supply is found to be price inelastic in the short –run