Further evidence of the circulation of PMV-4 and influenza viruses with N2 - 1957 enzyme in migratory waterfowls

I n the years 1980—1984, one paramyxovirus type 4 and 11 influenza viruses were isolated from cloacal swabs collected from migratory waterfowls in Fed. Rep. Germany. One influenza virus of H4N8 subtype was isolated from swabs of commercial ducks collected at an abbatoir. Seven of 10 influenza strains, isolated from mallard clucks and coot were identified as a mixture of 2 —3 strains of H l , H4, and Ho subtype; 3 virus strains from the same locality relate antigenically to subtype H4 w i t h enzyme serologically identical with N2 — Singapore/57 as demonstrated by means of polyclonal and monoclonal antibody

Access to medicines in remote and rural areas: a survey of residents in the Scottish Highlands and Western Isles.

Objectives: Sparsely populated areas are potentially predisposed to health inequalities due to limited access to services. This study aimed to explore and describe issues of access to medicines and related advice experienced by residents of the Scottish Highlands and Western Isles. Study design: Cross-sectional cohort study. Methods: Anonymized questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of 6000 residents aged ≥18 years identified from the electoral register. The questionnaire contained items on: access to medicines; interactions with health care services; and perceptions of the services. Results were analysed using descriptive, inferential and spatial statistics. Results: Adjusted response rate was 49.5% (2913/5889). Almost two thirds (63.4%, 1847) were prescribed medicines regularly, 88.5% (1634) of whom considered the source convenient. Pharmacy (73.8%, 1364) or dispensing GP (24.0%, 443) were the most accessed sources. Prescription medicine advice was mainly obtained from the GP (55.7%, 1029). Respondents ≥80 years old were significantly (P0.0001) more likely to live alone (45.3%, 92) compared with those 80 (15.8%, 424). Almost a fifth (16.5%, 31) of those 80 years living alone disagreed that they obtained prescribed medicines from a convenient source. The majority of respondents who felt they did not have a convenient medicines source, regardless of urban/rural classification, lived within five miles of a pharmacy or GP practice. Conclusions: Respondents accessed medicines and advice from a variety of sources. While most considered their access to medicines convenient, there were issues for those over 80 years and living alone. Perceived convenience would not appear to be solely based on geographical proximity to supply source. This requires further exploration given that these individuals are likely to have long-term conditions and be prescribed medicines on a chronic basis

Investigating practice integration of independent prescribing by community pharmacists using normalization process theory: a cross-sectional survey.

Independent prescribing (IP) has not been extensively investigated in community pharmacy (CP). Normalization Process Theory (NPT) constructs help explain how interventions are integrated into practice and include: 'coherence' (understanding), 'cognitive participation' (what promotes engagement), 'collective action' (integration with existing systems), 'reflexive monitoring (evaluation). The aim of this study was to use NPT to investigate the integration of pharmacist IP in CP. NHS Scotland Pharmacy First Plus (PFP) is a community pharmacy IP service. Questionnaire items were developed using the NPT derived Normalisation MeAsure Development (NoMAD) tool for an online survey of all PFP IP pharmacists. Demographic data were analysed descriptively and scale scores (calculated from item scores for the 4 NPT constructs) were used for inferential analysis. There was a 73% (88/120) response rate. Greater than 90% 'strongly agreed' / 'agreed' to NoMAD items relating to most NPT constructs. However, responses to 'collective action' items were diverse with more participants answering 'neither agree nor disagree' or 'disagree'. A statistically significant difference in NPT construct scale scores with significant p-values (ranging from p<0.001 to p=0.033) was shown on all the NPT constructs for the variable 'On average, how often do you consult with patients under the PFP service?'. This theory-based work offers perspectives on IP integration within CP. Despite its geographic focus this work offers insights relevant to wider contexts on IP integration. It shows 'collective action' focused 'organisation' and 'group process' challenges with a need for further work on staff training, resource availability and utilisation, working relationships, communication and management

Trajectories of Experience Through the Pandemic: A Qualitative Longitudinal Dataset

Here, we present a dataset collected within a longitudinal interview study that has been conducted as part of a larger project (i.e., Viral Communication), exploring (changing) public attitudes and behaviours through the course of the pandemic in Germany. From a nationally representative survey, forty participants were purposively sampled on the basis of gender, age and socioeconomic status for the interviews. Each participant was interviewed three times within a 10 month time frame (between December 2020 and September 2021), with the exception of two dropouts from the study. The semi-structured interviews were developed to further elaborate on some of the responses in the survey instrument and to provide additional insights into topics and controversies surrounding the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany, such as information/misinformation, trust/distrust, compliance, vaccination, and conspiracy beliefs

Анализ возможности увеличения отпуска теплоты от Райчихинской ГРЭС

В процессе исследования проводились: оценка влияния теплофикации на производство электрической энергии; анализ текущего состояния и перспектив рынков электрической и тепловой энергий Амурской области, состояния оборудования Райчихинской ГРЭС и режимов работы станции; выбор температурного графика теплосети; определение варианта реконструкции турбоагрегата и теплофикационной установки; расчет экономической части проекта В результате исследования представлен и экономически обоснован вариант реконструкции Райчихинской ГРЭСThe study carried out: assessment of the impact of district heating for the production of electrical energy; analysis of the current state and prospects of the markets of electricity and thermal energy of the Amur region, state Raychihinsk TPP equipment and modes of operation of the station; choice of heating system temperature schedule; Certain embodiments of the reconstruction of the turbine unit and the heating unit; calculation of the economic part of the project The study is presented and economically feasible option for Reconstruction Raychihinsk GRE

Terminal Ligand and Packing Effects on Slow Relaxation in an Isostructural Set of [Dy(H2_{2}dapp)X2_{2}]+ Single Molecule Magnets**

Three new dysprosium complexes with a pentadentate ligand occupying five equatorial sites differ only in the nature of the axial ligands. These help tune the relaxation properties as judged by an analysis of the AC susceptibility data. More in depth analysis by using two recently suggested fitting equations lead to similar outcomes for all three systems. As a further contribution to the relaxation pathway involving the phonon bath it is concluded that a short nitrate-nitrate interaction between molecules helps dampen the spin phonon coupling. We report three structurally related single ion Dy compounds using the pentadentate ligand 2,6-bis((E)-1-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)-hydrazineylidene)ethyl)pyridine (H$_{2}$dapp) [Dy(H$_{2}$dapp)(NO$_{3}$)$_{2}$]NO$_{3}$ (1), [Dy(H$_{2}$dapp)(OAc)$_{2}$]Cl (2) and [Dy(H$_{2}$dapp)(NO$_{3}$)$_{2}$]Cl$_{0.92}$(NO$_{3}$)$_{0.08}$ (3). The (H$_{2}$dapp) occupies a helical twisted pentagonal equatorial arrangement with two anionic ligands in the axial positions. Further influence on the electronic and magnetic structure is provided by a closely associated counterion interacting with the central N−H group of the (H$_{2}$dapp). The slow relaxation of the magnetisation shows that the anionic acetates give the greatest slowing down of the magnetisation reversal. Further influence on the relaxation properties of compounds1 and 2 is the presence of short nitrate-nitrate intermolecular ligand contact opening further lattice relaxation pathways