101 research outputs found

    "In Russia we were Germans, and now we are Russians" - dilemmas of identity formation and communication among German-Russian Aussiedler

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    "Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrages stehen erste Ergebnisse eines deutsch-israelischen Forschungsprojektes ĂŒber die Produktion und Rezeption von Medien durch ethnische und kulturelle Minderheiten. Die Frage der sozialen Integration ethnischer Minderheiten und die Rolle der Massenmedien in diesem Prozeß werden mit Blick auf die Dilemmas der IdentitĂ€tsbildung und Kommunikation von Russlanddeutschen Aussiedlern diskutiert. Im konzeptuellen Teil des Papiers wird soziale Integration unter der Perspektive von Inklusion und Exklusion von Minderheiten diskutiert. Soziale Integration wird als komplexer Prozess gegenseitiger Austauschbeziehungen von Minderheit und Mehrheit konzipiert, in dem Prozesse der Selbstdefinition und Fremddefinition eine wesentliche Rolle spielen. Die Medien sind entscheidende GrĂ¶ĂŸen in diesen Aushandlungsprozessen, weil sie eine gemeinsame soziale und politische RealitĂ€t herstellen und dadurch das entscheidende Referenzsystem fĂŒr die öffentliche Aushandlung kultureller und ethnischer IdentitĂ€ten bilden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die kulturelle und ethnische IdentitĂ€t, die Medienumwelt und die Mediennutzung russlanddeutscher Aussiedler untersucht. Empirische Basis sind sechs Gruppendiskussionen mit Russlanddeutschen in BersenbrĂŒck und Berlin. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die GruppenidentitĂ€t der Aussiedler mit dem Dilemma zusammenhĂ€ngt, daß diese einerseits aufgrund ihrer deutschen Staatsangehörigkeit zur deutschen Mehrheitsgesellschaft gehören und sich andererseits wegen ihres kulturellen Erbes, der Erfahrung der Migration und Sprachproblemen ausgeschlossen, d.h. nicht als 'richtige' Deutsche akzeptiert fĂŒhlen. In bezug auf die Rolle der Medien zeigt die Studie, daß die IdentitĂ€tsprobleme der Russlanddeutschen weder in den Aussiedlermedien noch in den deutschen Mehrheitsmedien auch nur annĂ€hernd reprĂ€sentiert sind. Vielmehr zeichnen sich die russischen Zeitungen fĂŒr Russlanddeutsche dadurch aus, daß sie die Probleme ihrer Leser banalisieren und boulevardisieren." (Autorenreferat)"This paper reports preliminary findings generated by a German-Israeli research project an the production and consumption of media by and for ethnic and minority communities. It discusses questions of social integration of ethnic minorities and mass media with respect to dilemmas of identity formation and communication among German-Russian Aussiedler. In the conceptual part, it is assumed that integration must be seen as a complex process of reciprocal social exchange between minority and majority communities, in which self-deinitions and other-definitions play a crucial rote. The media enter the picture as the negotiations of group identities are based an communication in the public sphere. Mass media create a social and political reality, thereby providing a reference system for both majority and minority communities. Against this background, identity politics and mass media functions are examined an the basis of focus group discussions with German-Russian Aussiedler. Identity politics among ethnic Germans is fundamentally linked to the dilemma that, an the one band, as full German citizens they belong to the majority society in legal terms. On the other band, because of their cultural heritage, the experience of migration and language barriers, they feel excluded from the majority community to which they want to belong so badly. Concerning the rote of mass media, we found that identity formation, as it is revealed by the orientations of ethnic Germans, is not made an issue whatsoever in either minority media nor majority media. Not even the media produced for Russian-Germans in Germany touch an questions of identity or self-location of the minority vis-a-vis the majority. Instead, the minority media are fall of practical cookbook-recipes of how to behave properly in a stereotypically-portrayed German society." (author's abstract

    Government news management - strategic communication in comparative perspective

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    "Der Beitrag exploriert den Begriff des News Management als strategische Option der politischen Öffentlichkeitsarbeit von Regierungen in modernen Massendemokratien. Was ist News Management? Welchen Stellenwert hat News Management im politischen Prozeß? Wie ist News Management institutionell verankert und wie variieren die Stile des News Management in unterschiedlichen LĂ€ndern? Die Annahme der Autorin ist, daß die Stile des News Management von einer Reihe von Kontextfaktoren abhĂ€ngen, die im politischen System, dem Mediensystem und der Medienkultur verankert sind. Der Beitrag analysiert die AusprĂ€gungen des News Management von Regierungen auf der Basis einer Typologie von Mazzoleni fĂŒr die USA, Großbritannien und Deutschland. Durch den Vergleich lĂ€ĂŸt sich zeigen, daß die Typen und das Handlungsrepertoire der Informationspolitik nach strukturellen und normativen Kontexten des Regierungssystems und des Mediensystems variieren. In den USA herrscht ein medienorientierter Stil von News Management vor, der durch die Kontextfaktoren eines prĂ€sidentiellen Regierungssystems, einer fast vollstĂ€ndig kommerzialisierten Medienlandschaft sowie der Philosphie des 'adversarial journalism' zu begrĂŒnden ist. DemgegenĂŒber dominieren in Großbritannien und Deutschland politische Stile des News Management, die mit den Kontextfaktoren eines parlamentarischen Regierungssystems und einer starken Rolle politischer Parteien sowie mit der Existenz einer politischen Presse und eines öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks in Zusammenhang gebracht werden können." (Autorenreferat)"The approach of governments to public information has changed from a rather traditional press release policy - based on interpersonal exchanges between politicians and journalists - to a professionalized and specialized process of strategic communication controlling the flow of news. In the light of this general development, news management is one practical solution for governments to strategically communicate their messages and use the media to further their political and policy goals. The paper explores news management of governments in modern mass democracies from a variety of angles. What is news management? Does news management matter and if so, how is it related to the political process? How is news management organized and how does it vary across different countries? Our assumption is, that the variation in news management, its styles and outcomes across different political systems depend on a series of contextual factors, originating in the political system, the media system and the media culture. The main objective of the paper is to analyze news management and compare the context in which it occurs in three Western democracies: the United States, Great Britain, and Germany. The central argument we propose is that media centered news management is most likely to occur in the United States due to the context of a presidential system, a highly commercialized media system, and the predominance of adversarial journalism . On the other hand, political news management is expected to be the dominant type of strategic communication in Great Britain and Germany. Both European countries not only have parliamentary political systems and strong party governments in common, but also kept a political press and a rather strong public sector television. They also tend to feature a less adversarial working relationship between the government and the media." (author's abstract

    Obstacles or motors of Europeanization? German media and the transnationalization of public debate

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    This article aims to contribute to the discussion on the Europeanization of public spheres. It is the starting point for an investigation into the role of the media in transnational debate in Germany. The study aims to determine whether the media function as either a motor of or an obstacle to Europeanization of national public debate, compared to other actors. Drawing on empirical data from the project ‘The transformation of political mobilisation and communication in European public spheres’ (Europub.com), we analyze the communications through which political actors, civil society actors, and the media in Germany make public demands on European issues. Sources on which this investigation was built were the news and editorial section of two national quality newspapers (center-left, center-right), one tabloid and one regional newspaper in the period between 2000 and 2002. The findings show that the demands made by the media are generally more European in scope than those made by other political actors. Regarding the evaluation of EU integration and the frames that are advocated, the German press and the political elite are rather convergent

    Conceptual Challanges to the Paradigms of Comparative Media Systems in a Globalized World

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    National media systems are the central units of analysis in comparative mass communication research. In times of growing globalization, however, it is increasingly difficult to treat national media systems as isolated cases — a dilemma that undermines the traditional logic of comparative research. A careful examination of the core conceptual challenges leads this article to conclude that global processes of diffusion do by no means spell the end of the comparative research of media systems. Global processes of diffusion do however demand for comparative designs that account for the fact that national media systems are becoming increasingly interconnected. This article makes three practical suggestions to tackle these challenges: The first suggestion is to include additional levels of analysis below and above the nation state level; the second suggestion is to incorporate theories from the field of International Communications; and the third is to remain cautious about the extent to which globalization penetrates national media systems. There is still reason to presume that media systems can be compared along the lines of national boundaries. We are required to modify and extent our tools though

    Europeanised Attitudes, Nationalised Communication? Evidence on the Patterns behind Political Communication Output in Brussels

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    Studies of a communication deficit in the European Union (EU) have hardly taken a systematic look at the site where most of the political communication output is being created: within the elite bubble of EU politicians and correspondents in Brussels. This study builds on the communication culture approach to describe and explain the basic attitudinal patterns of EU politicians and journalists who critically shape the political communication output coming out of Brussels that is being consumed by European citizens. Based on a survey with more than 300 participating politicians and journalists, this study demonstrates that the internationalised communication context in Brussels reduces differences between the attitudes of actors from professional and national groups. We demonstrate that there is a tendency toward common elitist attitudes, complemented by a highly negative view of the public and a cynical mode of political communication. However, we observe predominantly national contact networks in Brussels and partly differing attitudes among some sub-groups of politicians and journalists, reflecting the partly conflicting national configurations of the European political and media system and the principal-agent relationships of EU politicians and journalists with their constituencies and media outlets

    "In Russia we were Germans, and now we are Russians." – Dilemmas of Identity Formation and Communication among German-Russian Aussiedler

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    This paper reports preliminary findings generated by a German-Israeli research project on the production and consumption of media by and for ethnic and minority communities. It discusses questions of social integration of ethnic minorities and mass media with respect to dilemmas of identity formation and communication among German-Russian Aussiedler. In the conceptual part, it is assumed that integration must be seen as a complex process of reciprocal social exchange between minority and majority communities, in which selfdefinitions and other-definitions play a crucial role. The media enter the picture as the negotiations of group identities are based on communication in the public sphere. Mass media create a social and political reality, thereby providing a reference system for both majority and minority communities. Against this background, identity politics and mass media functions are examined on the basis of focus group discussions with German-Russian Aussiedler. Identity politics among Ethnic Germans is fundamentally linked to the dilemma that, on the one hand, as full German citizens they belong to the majority society in legal terms. On the other hand, because of their cultural heritage, the experience of migration and language barriers, they feel excluded from the majority community to which they want to belong so badly. Concerning the role of mass media, we found that identity formation, as it is revealed by the orientations of Ethnic Germans, is not made an issue whatsoever in either minority media nor majority media. Not even the media produced for Russian-Germans in Germany touch on questions of identity or self-location of the minority vis a vis the majority. Instead, the minority media are full of practical cookbook-recipes of how to behave properly in a stereotypically-portrayed German society.Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrages stehen erste Ergebnisse eines deutsch-israelischen Forschungsprojektes ĂŒber die Produktion und Rezeption von Medien durch ethnische und kulturelle Minderheiten. Die Frage der sozialen Integration ethnischer Minderheiten und die Rolle der Massenmedien in diesem Prozeß werden mit Blick auf die Dilemmas der IdentitĂ€tsbildung und Kommunikation von Russlanddeutschen Aussiedlern diskutiert. Im konzeptuellen Teil des Papiers wird soziale Integration unter der Perspektive von Inklusion und Exklusion von Minderheiten diskutiert. Soziale Integration wird als komplexer Prozess gegenseitiger Austauschbeziehungen von Minderheit und Mehrheit konzipiert, in dem Prozesse der Selbstdefinition und Fremddefinition eine wesentliche Rolle spielen. Die Medien sind entscheidende GrĂ¶ĂŸen in diesen Aushandlungsprozessen, weil sie eine gemeinsame soziale und politische RealitĂ€t herstellen und dadurch das entscheidende Referenzsystem fĂŒr die öffentliche Aushandlung kultureller und ethnischer IdentitĂ€ten bilden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die kulturelle und ethnische IdentitĂ€t, die Medienumwelt und die Mediennutzung russlanddeutscher Aussiedler untersucht. Empirische Basis sind sechs Gruppendiskussionen mit Russlanddeutschen in BersenbrĂŒck und Berlin. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die GruppenidentitĂ€t der Aussiedler mit dem Dilemma zusammenhĂ€ngt, daß diese einerseits aufgrund ihrer deutschen Staatsangehörigkeit zur deutschen Mehrheitsgesellschaft gehören und sich andererseits wegen ihres kulturellen Erbes, der Erfahrung der Migration und Sprachproblemen ausgeschlossen, d.h. nicht als „richtige“ Deutsche “ akzeptiert fĂŒhlen. In bezug auf die Rolle der Medien zeigt die Studie, daß die IdentitĂ€tsprobleme der Russlanddeutschen weder in den Aussiedlermedien noch in den deutschen Mehrheitsmedien auch nur annĂ€hernd reprĂ€sentiert sind. Vielmehr zeichnen sich die russischen Zeitungen fĂŒr Russlanddeutsche dadurch aus, daß sie die Probleme ihrer Leser banalisieren und boulevardisieren

    Die Öffentlichkeit der Medienpolitik in Pressekommentaren

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    Der Beitrag diskutiert die Strukturen und Prozesse des Politikfeldes Medienpolitik und versucht, vor diesem Hintergrund die mediale Öffentlichkeit ĂŒber Medienpolitik zu analysieren. Nach einer Bestandsaufnahme der internen Strukturen und Verhandlungsprozesse sowie der Normen und Steuerungsprinzipien medienpolitischer Entscheidungen wird die Rolle von Öffentlichkeit in medienpolitischen Verhandlungssystemen diskutiert. Sofern man die EinschĂ€tzung teilt, dass die Weichenstellung in der deutschen Medienpolitik weg von staatlich-hoheitlicher Steuerung hin zu „regulierter Selbstregulierung“ eine breite öffentliche Diskussion ĂŒber Medien und Medienkritik erforderlich macht, stellt sich die empirische Frage, wie dieser öffentliche Diskurs ĂŒber Medienpolitik tatsĂ€chlich aussieht. Auf der Grundlage einer Inhaltsanalyse von 240 Kommentaren ĂŒber Medienpolitik in den ĂŒberregionalen QualitĂ€tszeitungen von 1994-1998 beschreibt die Studie den medialen Diskurs ĂŒber Medienpolitik und interpretiert ihn vor dem Hintergrund der Annahme, dass die Struktur- und Funktionsdefizite der gegenwĂ€rtigen Medienpolitik möglicherweise deshalb so persistent sind, weil die medienpolitische Öffentlichkeit allenfalls die symbolischen GerĂ€usche des medienpolitischen Streits reproduziert

    A Comparative Study of Structures and Coalitions in Germany, the UK, the US, and Switzerland

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    In times of genetically modified food, globalized production and distribution chains, food safety is a major issue in public policy. Although industrial actors have traditionally had remarkable influence on political decision- making in this area, challenger organizations from civil society have gained influence by mobilizing support and shaping public discourse on the Internet. The authors’ study analyzes online issue networks concerning food safety in order to assess the actor constellations and coalitions that may serve as an opportunity structure for the mobilization of the issue. By comparing the US, the UK, Germany, and Switzerland, the authors investigate the differences in policy settings between pluralist and corporatist democracies. They find that the mobilization structures related to food safety issues are actively promoted by the challengers themselves. In countries where challengers do not find support within national politics, the challengers’ online communication refers to mass media as witnesses to legitimize their concern in public debates

    A Hyperlink Analysis on the Food Safety Issue in Germany

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    This article focuses on the constellations of actors engaged in the food safety debate in Germany and the potential of civil society organizations for mobilization and politicization of the issue. In an exploratory case study we assess the structure of communication between these organizations by applying hyperlink analysis. Our study sheds light on the nature of the issue network and in particular on their linkages with media and political actors. We interpret communication network patterns with respect to civil society actors' opportunities to make food safety salient on the agenda and to mobilize around it and politicize it. In fact, our empirical study shows that the structure of linkages between civil society actors, media organizations and political actors in Germany offers favourable opportunities for making the food safety issue salient and for politicizing it in the offline world
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