Experimental Results for a Flapped Natural-laminar-flow Airfoil with High Lift/drag Ratio

Experimental results have been obtained for a flapped natural-laminar-flow airfoil, NLF(1)-0414F, in the Langley Low-Turbulence Pressure Tunnel. The tests were conducted over a Mach number range from 0.05 to 0.40 and a chord Reynolds number range from about 3.0 x 10(6) to 22.0 x 10(6). The airfoil was designed for 0.70 chord laminar flow on both surfaces at a lift coefficient of 0.40, a Reynolds number of 10.0 x 10(6), and a Mach number of 0.40. A 0.125 chord simple flap was incorporated in the design to increase the low-drag, lift-coefficient range. Results were also obtained for a 0.20 chord split-flap deflected 60 deg

Velocity trends in the debris of Sagittarius and the shape of the dark-matter halo of the Galaxy

Recently, radial velocities have been measured for a large sample of M giants from the 2MASS catalog, selected to be part of the Sgr dwarf leading and trailing streams. Here we present a comparison of their kinematics to models of the Sgr dwarf debris orbiting Galactic potentials, with halo components of varying degrees of flattening and elongation. This comparison shows that the portion of the trailing stream mapped so far is dynamically young and hence does not provide very stringent constraints on the shape of the Galactic dark-matter halo. The leading stream, however, contains slightly older debris, and its kinematics provide for the first time direct evidence that the dark-matter halo of the Galaxy has a prolate shape with an average density axis ratio within the orbit of Sgr close to 5/3.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. ApJ Letters in press. Postscript version with high resolution figures available from http://www.astro.rug.nl/~ahelmi/research/prolate.htm

Report on Lemon Maturity Studies in 1957

This item is part of the Agricultural Experiment Station archive. It was digitized from a physical copy provided by the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information, please email CALS Publications at [email protected]

Respiratory distress syndrome in near-term babies after caesarean section.

Severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) caused by surfactant deficiency is described not only in preterm infants but also in (near-) term babies after caesarean section (CS), especially when carried out before the onset of labour. The aim of the present study was to document the severity of this theoretically avoidable entity in order to improve obstetric and perinatal care. All neonates admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit of the University Hospital of Bern between 1988 and 2000 with RDS on the basis of hyaline membrane disease (HMD) needing mechanical ventilation (MV) after CS and with a birthweight > or = 2500 g were analysed. HMD was diagnosed when respiratory distress and the typical radiological signs were present. Patients were grouped into elective CS before onset of labour and before rupture of membranes (group 1, n = 34) and patients delivered by emergency CS or CS after onset of labour or rupture of membranes (group 2, n = 22). Analysed indices for severity of illness were duration of stay in intensive care unit and MV, ventilation mode, worst oxygenation index (OI), presence of pulmonary air leak, and systemic hypotension. Mean gestational age (GA) was 37 2/7 weeks in group 1 and 36 2/7 weeks in group 2; no patient had a GA of > or = 39 0/7 weeks. Duration of MV was 4.4 days in group 1 and 3.9 days in group 2. Thirteen patients (38%) of group 1 and 7 (32%) of group 2 had to be managed by rescue high-frequency ventilation. A total of 7 patients had an OI>40. Eight patients (24%) in group 1 and 4 (18%) in group 2 developed a pulmonary air leak. Fourteen neonates (41%) in group 1 had to be supported by catecholamines versus 5 (22%) in group 2. There was one death in group 1. Severe RDS on the basis of HMD can also occur in near-term babies after CS; even a fatal outcome can not be excluded. The severity of illness in elective CS without labour may be quite high and is comparable to newborns delivered by CS (after onset of labour and/or rupture of the membranes) who were 1 week younger. No case of HMD was found in our population when CS was carried out after completion of 39 post-menstrual weeks of gestation

When Indian crabs were not yet Asian - biogeographic evidence for Eocene proximity of India and Southeast Asia

Background: The faunal and floral relationship of northward-drifting India with its neighboring continents is of general biogeographic interest as an important driver of regional biodiversity. However, direct biogeographic connectivity of India and Southeast Asia during the Cenozoic remains largely unexplored. We investigate timing, direction and mechanisms of faunal exchange between India and Southeast Asia, based on a molecular phylogeny, molecular clock-derived time estimates and biogeographic reconstructions of the Asian freshwater crab family Gecarcinucidae. Results: Although the Gecarcinucidae are not an element of an ancient Gondwana fauna, their subfamily Gecarcinucinae, and probably also the Liotelphusinae, evolved on the Indian Subcontinent and subsequently dispersed to Southeast Asia. Estimated by a model testing approach, this dispersal event took place during the Middle Eocene, and thus before the final collision of India and the Tibet-part of Eurasia. Conclusions: We postulate that the India and Southeast Asia were close enough for exchange of freshwater organisms during the Middle Eocene, before the final Indian--Eurasian collision. Our data support geological models that assume the Indian plate having tracked along Southeast Asia during its move northwards

Color van der Waals forces between heavy quarkonia in effective QCD

The perturbative renormalization group for light-front QCD Hamiltonian produces a logarithmically rising interquark potential already in second order, when all gluons are neglected. There is a question if this approach produces also color van der Waals forces between heavy quarkonia and of what kind. This article shows that such forces do exist and estimates their strength, with the result that they are on the border of exclusion in naive approach, while more advanced calculation is possible in QCD.Comment: 7 pages, elsart, bibliography in .bbl file, to be submitted to Physics Letters

An Atlas of Monte Carlo Models of Dust Extinction in Galaxies for Cosmological Applications

We present an extensive study of the radiative transfer in dusty galaxies based on Monte Carlo simulations. The main output of these simulations are the attenuation curves ${\cal A}_\lambda$ (i.e. the ratio between the observed, dust extinguished, total intensity to the intrinsic unextinguished one of the galaxy as a function of wavelength). We have explored the dependence of ${\cal A}_\lambda$ on a conspicuous set of quantities (Hubble type, inclination, dust optical thickness, dust distribution and extinction properties) for a large wavelength interval, ranging from 1250\AA to the K band, thus finally providing a comprehensive atlas of dust extinction in galaxies, which is electronically available. This study is particularly suitable for inclusion into galaxy formation evolution models and to directly interpret observational data on high redshift galaxies.Comment: 29 pages, aasms4.sty, LaTeX, 5 figures. ApJSS, accepte

Growth cone responses to growth and chemotropic factors

Abstract During nervous system development axons reach their target areas under the influence of numerous guidance cues that affect rate and direction of growth. This report addresses the unsettled question of whether and to what extent growth velocity and turning responses (attraction, repulsion) are interdependent. We exposed individual growth cones of fetal rat dorsal root ganglion neurons in culture asymmetrically to gradients of seven different factors and recorded their growth rates and turning angles. Growth cones exhibited divergent patterns of turning and growth responses. For example, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and thrombin all promoted growth, but HGF was a powerful attractant, thrombin a potent repellent and IGF-1 did not elicit turning. Galanin and neuropeptide Y also affected growth and ⁄ or turning differentially. Finally, nerve growth factor in the culture medium not only inhibited the turning responses to HGF, but also converted growth promotion of HGF and IGF-1 into inhibition. Overall, our studies indicate that: (i) turning and advance are regulated independently, except that strong attractive or repulsive responses generally are accompanied by growth promotion; (ii) asymmetric growth factor application per se does not elicit attraction; (iii) regulation of the two parameters may occur through a single receptor; and (iv) the effects of combined growth factors may not be additive and can be inhibitory

An Annotated Draft Genome for Radix auricularia (Gastropoda, Mollusca)

Molluscs are the second most species-rich phylum in the animal kingdom, yet only 11 genomes of this group have been published so far. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the pulmonate freshwater snail Radix auricularia. Six whole genome shotgun libraries with different layouts were sequenced. The resulting assembly comprises 4,823 scaffolds with a cumulative length of 910 Mb and an overall read coverage of 72×. The assembly contains 94.6% of a metazoan core gene collection, indicating an almost complete coverage of the coding fraction. The discrepancy of ∼690 Mb compared with the estimated genome size of R. auricularia (1.6 Gb) results from a high repeat content of 70% mainly comprising DNA transposons. The annotation of 17,338 protein coding genes was supported by the use of publicly available transcriptome data. This draft will serve as starting point for further genomic and population genetic research in this scientifically important phylum