Evaluation of Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Properties of Froriepia subpinnta Essential Oils from Guilan Region: Before and After Flowering

Herbal essential oil (EO) as a natural and traditional source are considered to be suitable alternatives for controlling chemical resistant strains due to their antibacterial compounds and also no adverse effects. This study was undertaken to identify the chemical compositions and also to assess the antibacterial effects of Froriepia subpinnata (Ledeb.) Baill. (F. subpinnata) EOs before and after flowering against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), for the first time. Based on our findings, 50 and 41 components were identified by gas chromatogram/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the before and after flowering EOs of F. subpinnata. The major components of F. subpinnata EOs before flowering were kuminol (42.05 %), phenol (28 %) and its after flowering prominent compounds were sabinin (25.96 %), timol (22.68 %), cyclohexene (17.21 %). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were obtained 6 % and 8 % for before flowering, and, 4 % and 6 % for after flowering. Also in antibiogram method, both EOs at before and after flowering stages exihibited lower inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa in comparison with ciprofloxacin, amikacin and imipenem antibiotics. According to the results, the antimicrobial effect of F. subpinnata EOs after flowering was more than before flowering, in both disk diffiusion and microdilution methods. Hence as a natural and new antimicrobial agent can be substituted with chemical antibiotics, in the pharmaceutical and food industries

Lead concentration in the muscles of slaughtered buffalos in northwest regions of Iran

Background: The topic of food safety has become a major public health issue worldwide. Over recent decades, the growing concern for food safety has brought about greater research regarding the risks associated with the consumption of produce that has been contaminated by pesticides, heavy metals and/or toxins. Objective: The study was conducted to determine the concentration of Pb in the muscle of buffalos slaughtered in the northwest regions of Iran (Ardabil, Urmia and Tabriz cities). Methods: The present was a descriptive cross-sectional study in the northwest regions of Iran during 2013 to 2014. A total of 30 muscle samples from individual buffalos were analyzed for Pb concentrations using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (ASS). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0. All results were computed as mean standard deviation and subjected to one-way analysis of variance to establish whether the differences in Pb concentrations in meat samples from different cities were significant or not. The Statistical significance was determined at p<0.05. Results: The results showed that the mean concentration of Pb in muscle samples were measured 0.043±0.035 ppm. The highest Pb concentration (0.11 ppm) was detected in the buffalo muscle samples from Urmia city. In total, 25 muscle samples (80.33%) were contaminated with Pb and concentration of Pb in 3.33% of contaminated samples exceeded the permissible limits advised by the European Commission (EC) (0.1 ppm). Conclusion: We recommend identifying Pb sources in order to eliminate or control Pb contamination of food, and monitor environmental exposures and hazards to prevent lead poisoning

Evaluation of Microbial Quality of Offered Foods in the Restaurant of Educational Center

This study was aimed to evaluate the microbial contamination of offered food (including:  cooked meat, cooked rice, cooked kebab, roast chicken and cooked fish, soup, stewed beef, mince stew, vegetable pot roast) in the  central restaurant in Qazvin University of Medical sciences in 2016. In this cross-sectional study, 150 food samples were evaluated based on the American Association for Standard Health Care (APHA) and the Food and Drug Standard (FDA) standard. The highest total count (TC) and Coli form count number were in thesoup in different seasons ) 6.20 ± 0.80 and 3.35 ± 0.32 Log10 cfu/g  respectively (. The highest percentage of Total count and E.coli, S. aureus and Salmonella were observed in cooked fish (13%), soup (58%), cooked fish (46%), respectively (P <0.05). in addition, seasonal comparison Showed that the Food samples collected in spring in comparison with seasons had the highest contaminated rate, but the mold count was in the lowest amount. Total count, coliform and yeast contamination between different food samples also showed significant differences (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that microbial contamination of some foods offered at the restaurant in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences was above the standard limitation

Evaluation of medical error status in various wards of Shohadaye Ashayer Hospital, Khorramabad, Iran

Abstract: Medical errors are known as the most important challenges that healthcare systems in all countries are encountered to them. To provide security and safety for patient is one of the major items in the health care systems. Confessing medical errors imposed on patient and education system is found to be an important aspect of medical ethics and care in turn lowers incidence of errors. Given the importance of identifying and reporting occurred medical errors, the present research aimed to assess medical errors in hospital wards of Shohadaye Ashayer Hospital Khorramabad so that findings of this research can inspire us to incorporate medical errors as a very important subject in the curriculum of medical students and finally physicians can do best examination and treatment with minimal or no errors and inaccuracies. The present research is descriptive in nature which lasted from April to March 2015. Statistical population (subjects) included employees and supervisors, nurses, staffs, lab safety facilitator, pharmacy safety facilitator, surgery room personnel, equipment and personnel in the hospital wards, including the emergency department, men surgery, women surgery, operating room, orthopedics, internal medicine ward, neurology, laboratory room, surgery, infectious, ophthalmic, reception, pharmacy and CCU hospital in Shohadaye Ashayer Hospital- Khorramabad. © 2009-2016, JGPT

Study of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Traditional and Device-Made Ice Cream in Qazvin, 2017-2018: A Short Report

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in traditional and device-made ice cream in Qazvin. Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study, 100 samples of traditional and device-made ice cream in Qazvin were randomly collected over a period of one year and in different seasons. The culture method was then confirmed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique. Results: The inflammation rate of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was 5% in most seasons in the traditional and device-made ice cream and the most inflammation was in summer, and 80% (4 cases) of the isolated bacteria were methicillin resistant. Conclusion: The use of pasteurized ice cream and observance of health principles in producing traditional and device-made ice cream will reduce the risk of contamination and food poisoning

Genome-wide association study reveals novel candidate genes for litter size in Markhoz goats

IntroductionThe Markhoz goat is the only breed that can produce high-quality fiber called mohair in Iran; however, the size of its population has faced a dramatic decline during the last decades, mainly due to the reluctance of farmers to rear Markhoz goats caused by a reduction in goat production income. Litter size at birth (LSB) and weaning (LSW) are two economically important reproductive traits for local goat breeders and have the potential of increasing the population growth rate. The present study was aimed to identify possible genomic regions that are associated with LSB and LSW in Markhoz goats using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). MethodsTo this end, 136 Markhoz goats with record(s) of kidding were selected for GWAS using the Illumina Caprine 50K bead chip. The individual breeding values (BV) of available LSB and LSW records estimated under an animal mixed model were used as the dependent variable in the GWAS, thereby incorporating repeated categorical variables of litter size. ResultsFour SNPs on chromosomes 2, 20 and 21 were identified to be significantly associated (FDR p < 0.05) with LSB after multiple testing correction under a Bayesian-information and Linkage-disequilibrium Iteratively Nested Keyway (BLINK) model. Least-square analysis was performed to investigate the effects of detected genotypes on LSB. Ultimately, the GWAS results introduced six candidate genes, including GABRA5, AKAP13, SV2B, PPP1R1C, SSFA2 and TRNAS-GCU in a 100 kb adjacent region of the identified SNPs. Previous studies proposed functional roles of GABRA5 and AKAP13 genes in reproductive processes; however, the role of other candidate genes in reproduction is not clear. ConclusionThese findings warrant further investigation for use in marker-assisted selection programs in Markhoz goats

PREVALENCE OF SALMONELLASTRAINS ISOLATED FROM INDUSTRIAL QUAIL EGGS AND LOCAL DUCK EGGS, IRAN

Salmonella is a worldwide public health issue as one of the reasons for foodborne illness for humans and animals. Eggs can be a significant source of this bacterium and the prevalence of salmonellosis. Thus, the control of contamination by Salmonella has become essential for the consumer. This study investigates the prevalence, and serotype distribution of Salmonella isolates recovered from industrial quail eggs and local duck eggs collected from Qazvin city, Iran, in 2020. In this cross-sectional study, 130 eggs were collected randomly (including 100 industrial quail eggs and 30 local duck eggs) from the retail and stores in Qazvin city, Iran. Salmonella was isolated from eggshells and egg contents using conventional culture methods for selective isolation of Salmonella and biochemical identification, suspect colonies confirmed by Real-Time PCR assay for the amplification and detection of Salmonella using specific primers. A 16.67% prevalence of Salmonella was observed from duck eggs; however, no Salmonella recovered from quail eggs. Salmonella was isolated from 0% (0 groups of 6 groups) and 16.67% (1 group of 6 groups) of eggshells and contents of duck eggs, respectively. Isolates from positive egg samples characterized as S. Typhimurium. Although Salmonella infection was low in this study, Continuous monitoring is required to prevent health hazards associated with poultry products in this area, and the presence of duck eggs can be a public health problem. The results of this study are essential for the government

The Prevalence of Salmonella Enteritidis in Packaged and Tray Eggs Samples, Qazvin, Iran

Salmonella serotypes are considered as one of the most important foodborne pathogens. Eggs are a main source of the contamination caused by these pathogens and diseases in humans and the prevalence of the salmonellosis. This study was aimed to isolate Salmonella enteritidis from industrial eggs collected from different areas of Qazvin city, Iran in the year 2020.In this cross-sectional study, 200 eggs were collected randomly (including 100 industrial packaged eggs and 100 industrial tray eggs) from the retail and stores located in Qazvin city, Iran. After culturing of eggshells and egg contents according to the classic methods, suspected colonies were confirmed by PCR assay. Salmonella was detected in 10% (4/40) among the egg samples. Salmonella was isolated from 0% (0/40) and 10% (4/40) of eggshells and egg contents, respectively. Isolates from positive egg samples were characterized as S. Typhimurium.Salmonella Typhimurium is the most prevalent serotype of egg contamination in Qazvin city, Iran. It can be regarded as the risk evaluation of possible human foodborne diseases associated with the consumption of contaminated eggs

Qualitative investigation of meat species in meat products by real time polymerase chain reaction

Identification of meat species in processed meat products is a major problem in meat technology to produce safe and standard meat products. The aim of this study was identification of meat species in meat processed products including sausages and burgers. The study was carried out by targeting a conserved region of mitochondrial DNA and by using Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Sampling procedure consisted of different types of commercial meat products including susages, burgers, and salamis which were collected from different stores in Qazvin province-Iran. After DNA extraction, RT-PCR assay was performed to detect specific DNA sequences of animal species in meat product samples. Specific DNA sequences for chicken, horse, camel, beef, and turkey meat were detected successfully in collected samples. Consequently, we found in this study that RT-PCR method is a very powerful and easy method for monitoring commercial meat products based on conserved region of mitochondrial DNA. Practical applications Recently, adulteration in formulation of meat products such as burger and sausages is the principle problem in this industry. Meat species used in this category of products are varied according to type of adulteration and final product. Separately, safety of meat products is dependent on the formulation and the raw materials including meat species used for manufacturing of formulated meat products. In this study, identification of meat species in burger and sausage samples collected from different local stores in Qazvin Province, Iran was performed by Real-Time PCR. This molecular method is a very practical, rapid, precise, sensitive, and useful method for identification of meat species in these products. Chicken, horse, camel, beef, and turkey meat were detected successfully in the collected samples. Also, the quality and adulteration of the collected meat product samples have been determined for the future development of health and quality strategies and investigations