Solar wind modeling with the Alfven Wave Solar atmosphere Model driven by HMI-based Near-Real-Time maps by the National Solar Observatory

We explore model performance for the Alfven Wave Solar atmosphere Model (AWSoM) with near-real-time (NRT) synoptic maps of the photospheric vector magnetic field. These maps, produced by assimilating data from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), use a different method developed at the National Solar Observatory (NSO) to provide a near contemporaneous source of data to drive numerical models. Here, we apply these NSO-HMI-NRT maps to simulate three Carrington rotations (CRs): 2107-2108 (centered on 2011/03/07 20:12 CME event), 2123 (integer CR) and 2218--2219 (centered on 2019/07/2 solar eclipse), which together cover a wide range of activity level for solar cycle 24. We show simulation results, which reproduce both extreme ultraviolet emission (EUV) from the low corona while simultaneously matching in situ observations at 1 au as well as quantify the total unsigned open magnetic flux from these maps

Science Objectives for an X-Ray Microcalorimeter Observing the Sun

We present the science case for a broadband X-ray imager with high-resolution spectroscopy, including simulations of X-ray spectral diagnostics of both active regions and solar flares. This is part of a trilogy of white papers discussing science, instrument (Bandler et al. 2010), and missions (Bookbinder et al. 2010) to exploit major advances recently made in transition-edge sensor (TES) detector technology that enable resolution better than 2 eV in an array that can handle high count rates. Combined with a modest X-ray mirror, this instrument would combine arcsecondscale imaging with high-resolution spectra over a field of view sufficiently large for the study of active regions and flares, enabling a wide range of studies such as the detection of microheating in active regions, ion-resolved velocity flows, and the presence of non-thermal electrons in hot plasmas. It would also enable more direct comparisons between solar and stellar soft X-ray spectra, a waveband in which (unusually) we currently have much better stellar data than we do of the Sun

Mångtydigheter och sammanflätningar i lärares arbete : Existentiella dimensioner bland erfarenheter och globala trender

The purpose of this thesis was set against the background of changed expectations on education and teachers’ work in contemporary Western societies, reflecting global educational trends of standardisation and assessment moving further down the ages. The overall aim of the thesis was to explore and gain understandings of how teachers’ work is constituted. The exploration was based on lived experience and philosophical perspectives, and the main research questions were: i) what is the significance of existential dimensions of teachers’ work, and ii) how can they be understood in the light of a globalised and standardised education? The theoretical and methodological basis of the thesis was mainly the philosophy of the life-world as formulated by Maurice Merleau-Ponty. The studies included employed the following methods: drawings with associated oral comments (study I), written teacher responses and follow-up interviews (study II), visual documentation with associated oral comments (study III), and finally, the study of the relevant philosophical literature (study IV). In total 50 teachers and 112 children participated in study I, ten teachers in study II and eight teachers in study III. In study IV, the data consisted of philosophical literature.The findings show that teachers’ work involves not only teachers’ intellectual capacities and skills, but also their emotional and embodied being, and intertwined relationships as well. Further, teachers’ work it affected not only by the views of children, knowledge and learning held by teachers, policymakers and society that affect teachers’ work, but also by ontological assumptions and existential dimensions in a wider sense. It emerged that teachers’ views of education and their attempt to appreciate the unpredictable beyond dualistic assumptions are holistic, and multidimensional, in comparison to the rather linear and standardised global agenda.The crossover analysis of the findings suggests that teachers’ work is mainly constituted by ambiguities and intertwinings of an ontological character that have epistemological implications. In this thesis ambiguities are used to describe aspects that at first seem contradictory but are in fact more like irreducible uncertainties – as intertwined and reversible aspects of teachers’ work as a whole. Accordingly, existential dimensions of teachers’ work are ubiquitous within these ambiguities and intertwinings, and appear as significant in mainly two ways – firstly, as closely connected dimensions of the life-world and lived experience, referred to as lived time, lived space, lived body and lived other; secondly, as basic notions mainly about the relationships between i) subject and object, ii) mind and body, iii) human, culture and nature, iv) linear and multidimensional temporality. These existential dimensions of teachers work are discussed as Intercorporeal reversibilities (mind and body, subject and object), Intertwinings, chiasm and flesh (human, culture and nature) and A chiasmic be(com)ing (linear and multidimensional temporality). The ambiguous aspects of teachers’ work seem to derive from a general ambiguity of views on education, in which the rationalistic view tends to dominate since it often reflects the management of education. This overall ambiguity demands a reconsideration of the wider aim of education as well as of different relationships within education beyond dualisms and divides. Particularly, intercorporeal and intertwined relationships are essential, encompassing the significant intertwinings of ‘subjectobject’, ‘mindbody’, and ‘humannatureculture’. It is argued that this rethinking needs to be done in order to create conceptual and operational space for diverse and challenging pedagogical relationships. Thereby, a process of a chiasmic be(com)ing for teachers in their work and for children’s learning can be enhancedKey words: teachers’ work; teaching; school; early childhood education; lived experience; existential; pluralistic; Merleau-PontyGodkänd; 2014; 20140120 (suswes); Nedanstående person kommer att disputera för avläggande av filosofie doktorsexamen, Namn: Susanne Westman Ämne: Pedagogik / Education Avhandling: Ambiguities and Intertwinings in Teachers’ Work Existential Dimension in the Midst of Experience and Global Trend Opponent: Docent Ulf Blossing Institutionen för pedagogik och specialpedagogik Göteborgs universitet Ordförande: Professor Eva Alerby Avdelningen för pedagogik, språk och ämnesdidaktik Institutionen kont, kommunikation och lärande Luleå Tekniska Universitet Tid: Fredag den 21 mars 2014, kl. 10.00 Plats: D770, Luleå tekniska universitet</p

Tilt of sunspot bipoles in Solar Cycles 15 to 24

Abstract We use recently digitized sunspot drawings from Mount Wilson Observatory to investigate the latitudinal dependence of tilt angles of active regions and its change with solar cycle. The drawings cover the period from 1917 to present and contain information as regards polarity and strength of magnetic field in sunspots. We identified clusters of sunspots of same polarity, and used these clusters to form “bipole pairs”. The orientation of these bipole pairs was used to measure their tilts. We find that the latitudinal profile of tilts does not monotonically increase with latitude as most previous studies assumed, but instead, it shows a clear maximum at about 25 – 30 degree latitudes. Functional dependence of tilt (γ) on latitude (φ) was found to be γ=(0.20±0.08)sin(2.80φ)+(−0.00±0.06). We also find that latitudinal dependence of tilts varies from one solar cycle to another, but larger tilts do not seem to result in stronger solar cycles. Finally, we find the presence of a systematic offset in tilt of active regions (non-zero tilts at the equator), with odd cycles exhibiting negative offset and even cycles showing the positive offset

Long-term solar variability: ISWAT S1 cluster review for COSPAR space weather roadmap

The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) is updating its Roadmap on Space Weather. As input for this update, the COSPAR International Space Weather Action Teams (ISWAT) were asked to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art and advancements since the last Roadmap (Schrijver et al., 2015), identifying gaps and opportunities for moving forward within the next 5 years — based on ongoing and planned missions, available modeling, and observational capabilities — and presenting an outlook beyond 5 years and recommendations on reaching long-term goals. While space weather is typically associated with short-term solar activity, knowledge of past solar variability observed and recorded through various parameters, including historical space weather events, informs us about the range of possible solar fluctuations. This long-term solar variability, belonging to the domain of space climate, is the prime focus of the ISWAT S1 Cluster. The goal of this paper is to describe the key objectives of the three S1 Action Teams, summarize the current state of knowledge of the topic that each team is focusing on, and identify the key science gaps that need to be addressed in each area