Situational modelling of oil pollution risks monitored by distributed monitoring

The work is studying the distributed system of natural environment monitoring points. The purpose of the study is to solve two main problems of optimization: a) optimization of risks of emergency events; b) optimal cessation of environmental monitoring, which allows to reduce the costs of observation. Monitoring of the environment contaminated with petroleum products is relevant. Traditionally used methods and monitoring itself are expensive and technological complex mechanisms, often requiring satellite data. When studying environmental pollution, it is important to consider situational risks and stochastic irreversible changes in nature. For this purpose, it is necessary to apply the methods and methodology of the system approach, which are used in the article for analysis of complex data structures and entropy of the system. For the informativeness of less long monitoring, it's represented by four main subsystems (capture, operation, selection and decision-making) and evaluated using an information-entropy approach. The work will solve the practical task of monitoring the contaminated environment

ON THE NEED TO DEVELOP A UNIFIED COLLECTION OF METHODS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES AND CARRYING OUT RESCUE OPERATIONS BY FIRE PROTECTION UNITS AT FACILITIES OF VARIOUS FUNCTIONAL PURPOSES

The article shows the relevance of the development of a unified collection of methods for extinguishing fires and carrying out emergency rescue operations by fire protection units at objects of various functional purposes. A comparative analysis of statistical data on fires at objects of various classes of functional fire hazard has been carried out. Based on the analysis of the applied methodological recommendations there are proposed the structure and content of the collection of methods. The developed collection of methods for operational officials of fire protection units is necessary for the organization of class-group theoretical training of personnel, preparation and conducting of fire-tactical exercises for the organization of fire extinguishing and emergency rescue operations at objects of various classes of functional fire hazard, taking into account possible complications and the use of modern technical and fire extinguishing means as well as special equipment and fire extinguishing compounds