Pipelined block-lifting-based embedded processor for multiplying quaternions using distributed arithmetic

This paper presents a systematic design of the of the integer-to-integer invertible quaternionic multiplier based on the block-lifting structure and pipelined embedded processor of the given multiplier using distributed arithmetic (DA) as a block of M-band linear phase paraunitary filter banks (LP PUFB) based on the quaternionic algebra (Q-PUFB) for the lossy-to-lossless image coding. A bank Q-PUFB based on the DA block-lifting structure reduces the number of rounding operations and has a regular layout. Since the block-lifting structures with rounding operations can implement the integer-to-integer transform (Q-PUFB)

Low read-only memory distributed arithmetic implementation of quaternion multiplier using split matrix approach

In most algorithms that use quaternion numbers, the key operation is a quaternion multiplication, of which the efficiency and accuracy obviously determine the same properties of the whole computational scheme of a filter or transform. A digit (L-bit)-serial quaternion multiplier based on the distributed arithmetic (DA) using the splitting of the multiplication matrix is presented. The circuit provides the facility to compute several products of quaternion components concurrently as well as to reduce the memory capacity by half in comparison with the known DA-based multiplier, and it is well suited for field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based fixed-point implementations of the algorithms. Apart from a theoretical development, the experimental design results which are obtained using a Xilinx Virtex 6 FPGA are reported

FPSoC using Xilinx Zynq for medical image coding based on the quaternionic paraunitary filter banks

In this paper, we have introduced a low-cost FPSoC for medical image coding and implemented to telemedicine applications based on the Xilinx Zynq. We have recently introduced a generalized block-lifting structure using the 2-D CORDIC algorithm as a block of 4- and 8-band linear phase paraunitary filter banks (LP PUFB) based on the quaternionic algebra (Q-PUFB) with one-regularity constraints on hypercomplex coefficients of the schemes for the lossy-to-lossless image coding. Its structure can implement the integer-to-integer transform (I-Q-PUFB). The parallel-pipelined efficient architecture (P2E_Q-PUFB) has been proposed. The low latency separable image processing is implemented in the given architecture

CORDIC-lifting factorization of paraunitary filter banks based on the quaternionic multipliers for lossless image coding

Quaternions have offered a new paradigm to the signal processing community: to operate directly in a multidimensional domain. We have recently introduced the quaternionic approach to the design and implementation of paraunitary filter banks: four- and eight-channel linear-phase paraunitary filter banks, including those with pairwise-mirror-image symmetric frequency responses. The hypercomplex number theory is utilized to derive novel lattice structures in which quaternion multipliers replace Givens (planar) rotations. Unlike the conventional algorithms, the proposed computational schemes maintain losslessness regardless of their coefficient quantization. Moreover, the one regularity conditions can be expressed directly in terms of the quaternion lattice coefficients and thus easily satisfied even in finite-precision arithmetic. In this paper, a novel approach to realizing CORDIC-lifting factorization of paraunitary filter banks is presented, which is based on the embedding of the CORDIC algorithm inside the lifting scheme. Lifting allows for making multiplications invertible. The 2D CORDIC engine using sparse iterations and asynchronous pipeline processor architecture based on the embedded CORDIC engine as stage of processor is reported. Also it is necessary to notice, that the quaternion multiplier lifting scheme based on the 2D CORDIC algorithm is the structural decision for the lossless digital signal processing. This approach applies to very practical filter banks, which are essential for image processing, and addresses interesting theoretical questions

Design and high-performance hardware architecture for image coding using block-lifting-based quaternionic paraunitary filter banks

In this paper, we have introduced a generalized block-lifting structure using the 2-D CORDIC algorithm as a block of 4-band linear phase paraunitary filter banks (LP PUFB) based on the quaternionic algebra (Q-PUFB) for the lossy-to-lossless image coding. A bank Q-PUFB based on the 2-D CORDIC block-lifting structure reduces the number of rounding operations and has a regular layout. Since the block-lifting structures with rounding operations can implement the integer-to-integer transform (Q-PUFB). The parallel-pipelined efficient architecture (P2E_Q-PUFB) has been proposed. The low latency separable image processing is implemented in the given architecture

Democracy and government performance: holding incumbents accountable in English local governments

notes: Representative democracy, public management, elections, performance management, political control, incumbents, local governmentpublication-status: Acceptedtypes: ArticleThe link between government performance and support for incumbents is a key mechanism of accountable government. We model vote share of incumbent administrations in local government as proportional and non-proportional responses to public service performance. We evaluate the models using a panel data set covering performance and elections from 2001 to 2007 in English local governments where an incumbent party or coalition was up for re-election. We control for the previous vote, whether the incumbent administration is of the national governing party and local economic conditions. We find evidence for the non-proportional, performance threshold hypothesis, which implies that voters’ behavior is affected by clear gradations of performance. Only the difference between low performance and at least mediocre performance matters. There is no reward for high performance. Instead our findings suggest negativity bias in the relationship between performance and electoral support for incumbent

ОПТИМАЛЬНОЕ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ БИТ В ПАРАУНИТАРНОМ СУБПОЛОСНОМ КОДЕРЕ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЙ НА ОСНОВЕ АЛГЕБРЫ КВАТЕРНИОНОВ

The problem of bit allocation in the context of the tree structure 2D paraunitary filter bank based on the quaternion algebra, i.e. 4-band packet wavelet transform, is considered. It was shown that the bit allocation is optimal if the quantizers error variances in the encoder channels are equaled.Рассматривается проблема распределения бит в контексте древовидной структуры 2D параунитарного банка фильтров на основе алгебры кватернионов - пакета 4-полосного вейвлет преобразования. Показано, что оптимальное распределение бит будет в случае, если дисперсии ошибок квантователей в каналах кодера равны

New leaders' managerial background and the performance of public organizations: The theory of publicness fit

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Oxford University Press via the DOI in this recordWe develop a theory of the effect of top management succession on the performance of public organizations. The theory is rooted in the fundamental characteristics of an organization's publicness: ownership, funding, and regulation. We construct the concept of publicness fit-the match between the organization and the leader's previous managerial experience. We argue that the effect of publicness fit on performance depends on the balance of adaptation benefits and disruption costs, which in turn depends on the prior performance of an organization. We propose a research agenda to empirically evaluate propositions developed from the theory of publicness fit.Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC

Cytokine-related genes identified from the RIKEN full-length mouse cDNA data set

To identify novel cytokine-related genes, we searched the set of 60,770 annotated RIKEN mouse cDNA clones (FANTOM2 clones), using keywords such as cytokine itself or cytokine names (such as interferon, interleukin, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor). This search produced 108 known cytokines and cytokine-related products such as cytokine receptors, cytokine-associated genes, or their products (enhancers, accessory proteins, cytokine-induced genes). We found 15 clusters of FANTOM2 clones that are candidates for novel cytokine-related genes. These encoded products with strong sequence similarity to guanylate-binding protein (GBP-5), interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2 (IRAK-2), interleukin 20 receptor alpha isoform 3, a member of the interferon-inducible proteins of the Ifi 200 cluster, four members of the membrane-associated family 1-8 of interferon-inducible proteins, one p27-like protein, and a hypothetical protein containing a Toll/Interleukin receptor domain. All four clones representing novel candidates of gene products from the family contain a novel highly conserved cross-species domain. Clones similar to growth factor-related products included transforming growth factor beta-inducible early growth response protein 2 (TIEG-2), TGFbeta-induced factor 2, integrin beta-like 1, latent TGF-binding protein 4S, and FGF receptor 4B. We performed a detailed sequence analysis of the candidate novel genes to elucidate their likely functional properties

CORDIC-ТЕХНИКА ДЛЯ ФИКСИРОВАННОГО УГЛА ВРАЩЕНИЯ В ОПЕРАЦИИ УМНОЖЕНИЯ КВАТЕРНИОНОВ

The article contains a number of solutions for the key element of paraunitary filter banks based on quaternionic algebra (Q-PUBF) – the multiplier of quaternions with usage of CORDIC (Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer) techniques for the fixed angle of rotation where, unlike known solutions, 4D rotation control parameters are represented by nonlinear function of shifts number of input operands of the microrotation operation. Suggested approach of the multiplier designing on a quaternion-constant allows reaching the maximum performance of the multiplier scheme with low use of resources, for example, of FPGA.Предлагается ряд решений ключевого элемента параунитарного банка фильтров на основе алгебры кватернионов – умножителя кватернионов с использованием CORDIC (Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer)-техники для фиксированного угла вращения, в которых в отличие от известных решений параметры управления 4D-вращением представляются нелинейной функцией числа сдвигов входных операндов операции микровращения. Предложенный подход проектирования умножителя на кватернион-константу позволяет достигать максимальной производительности схемы умножителя при скромном использовании ресурсов, например FPGA