THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL ASPECTS OF DETERMINING THE EXPECTATIONS OF ECONOMIC AGENTS BASED ON TEXT ANALYSIS

The Internet is a public source of information, where information can be found at minimum search cost. Social media are becoming increasingly popular among web users trying to find and analyze information about the current economic situation. Web users get the opportunity to exchange views or discuss various issues in the news communities of social networks. This information can be used by economic agents to make decisions. Thus, the study of user behavior in social networks makes it possible to identify the expectations and preferences of economic agents. The goal of this study is to assess the expectations and sentiments of economic agents based on textual analysis of social media data. The study addresses the following objectives: Analysis of the mechanisms of influence of the information dissemination and networking effects on the behavior of economic agents; Systematization of the results of theoretical and empirical analysis of the economic agents’ expectations; An overview of machine learning methods used in text processing; Development of an algorithm for identifying sources of information for web scraping and rules for selecting text information to create a body of posts and comments; Collecting a database and preparing posts and comments for text analysis; Application of topic modeling to the identification of topics and keywords in social media data; Assessment of high-frequency indicators of the public sentiment. The subject of the research is a quantitative assessment of the sentiment of web users based on Russian data. The novelty of the study is the assessment of inflation expectations, sentiments in the foreign exchange market and indices of economic conditions using structured and unstructured internet data. Methods: topic modeling; machine learning methods and econometric methods of time series analysis. The study is based on data for Russia in 2014-2021. The study shows that social media posts, search queries and online news articles can be good proxy variables for the economic agents’ expectations. We construct three types of public confidence indicators based on internet data: inflation expectations; sentiment in the foreign exchange market and index of economic conditions. The results of econometric analysis indicate that the quality of macroeconomic performance models with sentiment indicators is higher than without these indicators. Additionally, indicators based on VK posts, RBC news articles and Google Trends search queries are more informative compared to comments. The main conclusion of the study is that internet data can improve the quality of macroeconomic performance models. In a further study, we plan to expand the list of indicators of the sentiment of economic agents and to evaluate advanced time series model

Delimitation of Some Taxa of Ulnaria and Fragilaria (Bacillariophyceae) Based on Genetic, Morphological Data and Mating Compatibility

Fragilaria and Ulnaria are two closely related diatom genera for which the delimitation and circumscription of several species is unclear. We studied strains isolated from Lake Baikal and compared them with the species from freshwater reservoirs in Europe and Asia using phylogenetic and species delimitation methods, microscopy and interclonal crossing experiments. The results of the phylogenetic analyses of the fragments of rbcL and 18S rRNA genes revealed that baikalian F. radians clade was independent from the representatives of the genus from other localities. Among Ulnaria we found the following 18S rRNA phylogenetic tree groups at species level: U. acus, U. ulna and U. danica. Genetic distance between genera varied between 3.9-10.2% substitutions in rbcL gene and 3.2-11.5% in 18S rRNA. The boundary between intraspecies and interspecies polymorphism for studied species of Ulnaria and Fragilaria in these marker genes was around 0.8% substitutions. Morphometric characters of individual strains showed their variability and division into F. radians, U. acus and U. ulna together with U. danica. Strains of U. acus and U. danica from different localities of Europe and Asia were sexually compatible inside the species. Sexual reproduction has never been observed in monoclonal cultures, either between this species or with strains of the Fragilaria

Chemical Composition of Groundwater in Kazan

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ПЛАЗМЕННЫЕ МАРКЕРЫ ЭНДОТЕЛИАЛЬНОЙ ДИСФУНКЦИИ ПРИ ГИПЕРТОНИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

Essential hypertension is a major medical and social problem. The key element of the arterial hypertension pathogenesis is endothelial dysfunction. This review are examined the main plasma markers of endothelial dysfunction, which have not yet been applied in routine practice, but are used in scientific research. Also describes the copeptin, which officially is not a marker of endothelial dysfunction. We assume that in the future copeptin may be one of the plasma markers of endothelial dysfunction.Гипертоническая болезнь является значимой медико-социальной проблемой. Ключевым звеном патогенеза артериальной гипертензии является эндотелиальная дисфункция. В данном обзоре рассказывается об основных плазменных маркерах эндотелиальной дисфункции, которые еще не применяются в рутинной практике, но используются в научных исследованиях. Также рассказывается о копептине, который официально не является маркером эндотелиальной дисфункции. Мы предполагаем, что в даль-нейшем копептин может стать одним из плазменных маркеров эндотелиальной дисфункции

Analysis of Predicted Amino Acid Sequences of Diatom Microtubule Center Components

Diatoms synthesize species-specific exoskeletons inside cells under the control of the cytoskeleton and microtubule center. Previous studies have been conducted with the visualization of the microtubule center; however, its composition has not been studied and reliably established. In the present study, several components of MTOC in diatoms, GCP (gamma complex proteins), Aurora A, and centrins have been identified. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences of these proteins revealed structural features typical for diatoms. We analyzed the conserved amino acids and the motives necessary for the functioning of proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of GCP showed that all major groups of diatoms are distributed over phylogenetic trees according to their systematic position. This work is a theoretical study; however, it allows drawing some conclusions about the functioning of the studied components and possible ways to regulate them

OPTIMIZATION OF PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN RAILWAY WORKERS ON THE EXAMPLE OF LARGE INDUSTRIAL CITY

Железнодорожный транспорт для России является государствообразующей отраслью. На фоне неуклонного процесса интеграции России с мировой экономикой, российские железные дороги активно включаются в мировую транспортную систему. В 2010 году размер транзитных перевозок грузов возрос в 3 раза по сравнению с 2005 годом. Сегодня, несмотря на постоянную, планомерную работу по охране труда и профилактике нарушений здоровья трудящихся, в России отмечается усиление интенсивности стресса на производстве, не уменьшается число профессиональных болезней и все более расширяется спектр производственно зависимых заболеваний. На железнодорожном транспорте России проводится постоянная целенаправленная работа по охране труда и улучшению условий трудящихся отрасли, которая в настоящее время осуществляется в рамках отраслевой программы «Безопасность труда на железнодорожном транспорте». Артериальная гипертония (АГ) является одним из самых распространенных заболеваний, возникновение которого связано со значительным увеличением риска развития сердечно-сосудистых осложнений и смертности. В жизни человека трудовые процессы играют огромную роль, поэтому следует знать, как работа влияет на сердечно-сосудистую систему, в частности на заболеваемость гипертонической болезнью. Достаточно часто повышенное артериальное давление отмечается у лиц, профессии которых связаны с частыми нервно-психическими стрессами (например, у административных и научных работников, шоферов, рабочих со сдельной оплатой труда и т.д.). В настоящее время имеются редкие исследования, посвященные изучению состояния сердечно-сосудистой системы при влиянии производственных вредностей, изучению системного управления профессиональным риском и оценки уровня здоровья, степени приверженности лечению у работников такой сложной сферы, которой является железнодорожный транспорт.Trains to Russia is a state- industry. By a steady process of integration of Russia into the world economy, the Russian railways are actively involved in the global transportation system. In 2010, the size of the transit of goods increased by 3 times compared to 2005. Today, despite the constant, systematic work on health and the prevention of violations of workers’ health in Russia has been the intensification of stress at work, does not decrease the number of occupational diseases and a widening range of production related diseases. Russian railway transport held constant purposeful work on occupational safety and health and working conditions of workers industry, which is currently being carried out within the branch program “Work safety in rail transport”. Arterial hypertension (AH) is one of the most common diseases, the occurrence of which is associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality

Data from: A new subfamily LIP of the major intrinsic proteins

Background: Proteins of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) family, or aquaporins, have been detected in almost all organisms. These proteins are important in cells and organisms because they allow for passive transmembrane transport of water and other small, uncharged polar molecules. Results: We compared the predicted amino acid sequences of 20 MIPs from several algae species of the phylum Heterokontophyta (Kingdom Chromista) with the sequences of MIPs from other organisms. Multiple sequence alignments revealed motifs that were homologous to functionally important NPA motifs and the so-called ar/R-selective filter of glyceroporins and aquaporins. The MIP sequences of the studied chromists fell into several clusters that belonged to different groups of MIPs from a wide variety of organisms from different Kingdoms. Two of these proteins belong to Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), four of them belong to GlpF-like intrinsic proteins (GIPs), and one of them belongs to a specific MIPE subfamily from green algae. Three proteins belong to the unclassified MIPs, two of which are of bacterial origin. Eight of the studied MIPs contain an NPM-motif in place of the second conserved NPA-motif typical of the majority of MIPs. The MIPs of heterokonts within all detected clusters can differ from other MIPs in the same cluster regarding the structure of the ar/R-selective filter and other generally conserved motifs. Conclusion: We proposed placing nine MIPs from heterokonts into a new group, which we have named the LIPs (large intrinsic proteins). The possible substrate specificities of the studied MIPs are discussed

Changes in valve morphology of two pennate diatom species during long-term culture

The morphology of diatom siliceous is a primary basis for their species identification. This study aims to measure the range of morphological changes induced in the monoclonal cultures of Fragilaria radians strains 280 and A6 and Ulnaria danica strain BK17 by cultivation in the lab for a year or more. The scanning electron microscopy revealed that the number of abnormal valves increases during the first year of culture maintenance. Specific abnormalities observed include curved valves and apices, axial areas and rimoportulae shifted from their normal positions, disordered or otherwise abnormal striae, and various growths on the valves. Similar morphological abnormalities are known to occur in diatoms exposed to microtubule inhibitors. These results show the limits of morphological variance in studied species and could be used to estimate the effect of toxic agents in natural and experimental conditions

Differential Expression of Stress Adaptation Genes in a Diatom <i>Ulnaria acus</i> under Different Culture Conditions

Diatoms are a group of unicellular eukaryotes that are essential primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. The dynamic nature of their habitat necessitates a quick and specific response to various stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms of their physiological adaptations are still underexplored. In this work, we study the response of the cosmopolitan freshwater diatom Ulnaria acus (Bacillariophyceae, Fragilariophycidae, Licmophorales, Ulnariaceae, Ulnaria) in relation to a range of stress factors, namely silica deficiency, prolonged cultivation, and interaction with an algicidal bacterium. Fluorescent staining and light microscopy were used to determine the physiological state of cells under these stresses. To explore molecular reactions, we studied the genes involved in the stress response—type III metacaspase (MC), metacaspase-like proteases (MCP), death-specific protein (DSP), delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (ALDH12), and glutathione synthetase (GSHS). We have described the structure of these genes, analyzed the predicted amino acid sequences, and measured their expression dynamics in vitro using qRT-PCR. We demonstrated that the expression of UaMC1, UaMC3, and UaDSP increased during the first five days of silicon starvation. On the seventh day, it was replaced with the expression of UaMC2, UaGSHS, and UaALDH. After 45 days of culture, cells stopped growing, and the expression of UaMC1, UaMC2, UaGSHS, and UaDSP increased. Exposure to an algicidal bacterial filtrate induced a higher expression of UaMC1 and UaGSHS. Thus, we can conclude that these proteins are involved in diatoms’ adaptions to environmental changes. Further, these data show that the molecular adaptation mechanisms in diatoms depend on the nature and exposure duration of a stress factor