2,265 research outputs found

    Noise diodes as a source of entropy for hardware random number generators

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    The purpose of this article is to describe the use of digital noise generators based on semiconductor noise diodes as part of systems for generating key numerical sequences used in cryptographic security methods. The classification of modern methods of cryptographic protection and the algorithms underlying them are considered. It is shown that ensuring high information entropy in systems for generating encryption keys is possible by using generators of truly random number sequences and cryptographically secure generators of pseudo-random number sequences. A number of disadvantages inherent in widely used sources of physical noise are described, namely: low spectral density of broadband noise, limited frequency range, nonlinearity of the noise spectrum, difficulties in technical implementation when using some methods, especially under conditions of extreme temperatures and exposure to special factors. It has been confirmed that the noise properties of semiconductor noise diodes depend on the composition and constancy of the defect-impurity structure, and defect engineering makes it possible to control their electrical parameters. The study of inhomogeneities and defects in noise diodes and the development on this basis of methods for controlling the level of structural defects made it possible to create technologies for their generation and annealing, and to improve a number of electrical and statistical properties of noise diodes

    Аналіз застосовуваних Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ навчання Π· ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Ρ†Ρ– посадовців АПК Π—Π°ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ–Π·ΡŒΠΊΠΎΡ— області

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    Π‘Π²Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚Π° ΡƒΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ—Π½ΡΡŒΠΊΠΈΠΉ досвід ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡƒΡ”, Ρ‰ΠΎ навчання ΠΏΡ€Π°Ρ†Ρ–Π²Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π² Ρ– Ρ„Π°Ρ…Ρ–Π²Ρ†Ρ–Π² Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΉΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€Π°Ρ†Ρ–, Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Ρ†Ρ–, наданню ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡˆΠΎΡ— Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΡ–Π»ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‚Π²Ρ– Ρ” Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ інструмСнтом зниТСння Π²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡƒ Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π·Π°Ρ…Π²ΠΎΡ€ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½ΡŒ. Π£ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ контСксті вдосконалСння навчання Π· ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Ρ†Ρ– ΡˆΠ»ΡΡ…ΠΎΠΌ впровадТСння Π² Π½Π°Π²Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΉ процСс Ρ–Π½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ… освітніх Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΡƒΡ” Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡˆΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΌ напрямом Π΄Ρ–ΡΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ– Π½Π°Π²Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉ

    Protected areas network in the Murmansk Region: yesterday, today, and tomorrow

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    The article represents a retrospective of nature conservation in the Murmansk Region. It is devoted to the period since the first State Nature Reserves to the present day. Today, the network of Protected Areas (PA) in the Murmansk Region consists of three nature state Reserves, one National Park, two nat-ural parks, 12 protected areas β€œZakaznik”, 55 nature monuments and the protected area of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute. The total area of the PA is 1,947,799.4 hectares or 13.4% of the Mur-mansk Region. An effectiveness of the PA was assessed due to the correspondence of the protection regimes and the threats. The authors concluded that effective environmental protection could be realized only in small part of PA, mainly in nature state reserves and national park, whose total area is only 4.2% of the Murmansk Region. At the present level of efficiency, even if it will be possible to achieve a share of Pas equal to 16.4% of the region’s area, it is hardly possible to guarantee the proper level of biodiversity conservation and the stability of the ecosystem of the region

    ΠŸΡ€Π°Ρ†Π΅ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΈ Π² агропромисловому комплСксі

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    ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΡ…Ρ–Π΄ Π·Π° останні Π΄Π²Π° дСсятки Ρ€ΠΎΠΊΡ–Π² Π½Π° поля ΠΉ Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈ сучасної високоСнСргСтичної Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Ρ–ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡ— ΠΌΠΎΠ±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½Ρ–ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π·ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΈΠ² ситуації, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈ профСсія ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΡΡ–Π»ΡŒΡΡŒΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ€ΡΡŒΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‚Π²Π° Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡˆΠ°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π²ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΉ Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡŽ Ρ‰ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ отримання Π²Π°ΠΆΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΌ. АдТС Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ масово використовувати Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈ Ρ– ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΈ Π· високим ступСнСм ΡΠΏΡ€Π°Ρ†ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ– Π²ΡƒΠ·Π»Ρ–Π², Π· нСвиявлСними Сксплуатаційними Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π±Π΅Π· Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… засобів захисту
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