Thin walled pottery from Alife (Northern Campania, Italy)

The file attached is the published version of the article

Monitoring ground movement at Volcán de Colima, Mexico, using Sentinel-1 data and SqueeSAR®

Volcán de Colima is a highly active stratovolcano in western Mexico which presents a significant hazard to over 300,000 people who live within ca 40 km of the volcano. Due to its persistent activity, the volcano is actively monitored and researched, and understanding the patterns of behaviour is vital to accurate hazard assessment. Sentinel-1 SAR images from ascending and descending orbits allow 1D and 2D ground motions to be retrieved using multi-interferogram techniques. SqueeSAR®’s unique processing allows a better characterisation of subtle ground movements in remote, rural mountainous areas compared to many other multi-interferogram techniques. A dataset of 147 SAR scenes (2017-2019) has been processed to show patterns of lava subsidence (<150 mm of downward vertical deformation over 2 years), as well as volcano deflation and apparent westward lateral movement. These data indicate that viscous andesitic lava flows may remain mobile for years following eruption and emplacement, and that the entire volcanic edifice is subsiding. Despite the apparent quiescence, volcanic edifices can remain highly dynamic after the termination of explosive or effusive activity. We interpret that the western flank of Volcán de Colima may become steeper with time and may be of long-term concern for hazard assessment activities. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Remote sensing for site investigations on Earth and other planets collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/remote-sensing-for-site-investigations-on-earth-and-other-planet

Significant changes in the magma dynamics of Stromboli steady-state volcano recorded by clinopyroxene crystals.

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Steady-state volcanic activity implies equilibrium between the rate of magma replenishment and eruption of compositionally homogeneous magmas, lasting for tens to thousands of years in an open conduit system. The Present-day activity of Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Southern Italy) has long been recognised as typical of a steady-state volcano, with a shallow magmatic reservoir (highly porphyritic or hp-magma) continuously refilled by more mafic magma (with low phenocryst content or lp-magma) at a constant rate and accompanied by mixing, crystallisation and eruption. The lp-magma is erupted only during more violent explosive events (paroxysms), which usually occur at intervals of a few years. However, the two most recent paroxysms occurred at very short timescales on 3 July and 28 August 2019 offering the unique opportunity of obtaining crucial information on the current magma dynamics of Stromboli.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Albeit the plumbing system shows such uniformity, clinopyroxene phenocrysts exhibit marked chemical heterogeneities and complex textures caused by continuous lp-hp magma mixing as well as antecryst recycling from different mush portions. The compositional zoning in clinopyroxene provides essential information on pre-eruptive magma dynamics, indicating multi-stage crystallization across the lp-hp-reservoirs, where diopsidic compositions are markers of more primitive, high-T magmas injecting into shallow, low-T domains of the plumbing system. By comparing clinopyroxene texture, chemistry and residence times from the Present-day eruptions with the previous Post-Pizzo activity, we conclude that a distinct phase in the life of Stromboli volcano commenced after the violent 2003 paroxysm. Our observations suggest there are more efficient mechanisms of mush disruption and cannibalization, in which old diopsidic antecrysts are continuously remobilized and transported by the lp-magmas permeating the mush. The disappearance of diopsidic recharge bands within augitic overgrowths indicates that over time, magmatic injections feeding the persistent Present-day activity are more intensively mixed and homogenized prior to eruption.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; </jats:p

Magma recharge and mush rejuvenation drive paroxysmal activity at Stromboli volcano

AbstractOpen-conduit basaltic volcanoes can be characterised by sudden large explosive events (paroxysms) that interrupt normal effusive and mild explosive activity. In June-August 2019, one major explosion and two paroxysms occurred at Stromboli volcano (Italy) within only 64 days. Here, via a multifaceted approach using clinopyroxene, we show arrival of mafic recharges up to a few days before the onset of these events and their effects on the eruption pattern at Stromboli, as a prime example of a persistently active, open-conduit basaltic volcano. Our data indicate a rejuvenated Stromboli plumbing system where the extant crystal mush is efficiently permeated by recharge magmas with minimum remobilisation promoting a direct linkage between the deeper and the shallow reservoirs that sustains the currently observed larger variability of eruptive behaviour. Our approach provides vital insights into magma dynamics and their effects on monitoring signals demonstrating the power of petrological studies in interpreting patterns of surficial activity.</jats:p

Association Study of the β2-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Hypertension in the Northern Han Chinese

Background: The beta 2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene has been widely researched as a candidate gene for essential hypertension (EH), but no consensus has been reached in different ethnicities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible association between the ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and the EH risk in the Northern Han Chinese population. Methodology/Principal Findings: This study included 747 hypertensive subjects and 390 healthy volunteers as control subjects in the Northern Han Chinese. Genotyping was performed to identify the C-47T, A46G and C79G polymorphisms of the ADRB2 gene. G allelic frequency of A46G polymorphism was significantly higher in hypertensive subjects (P = 0.011, OR = 1.287, 95% CI [1.059-1.565]) than that in controls. Significant association could also be found in dominant genetic model (GG+AG vs. AA, P = 0.006, OR = 1.497, 95% CI [1.121-1.998]), in homozygote comparison (GG vs. AA, P = 0.025, OR = 1.568, 95% CI [1.059-2.322]), and in additive genetic model (GG vs. AG vs. AA, P = 0.012, OR = 1.282, 95% CI [1.056-1.555]). Subgroup analyses performed by gender suggested that this association could be found in male, but not in female. Stratification analyses by obesity showed that A46G polymorphism was related to the prevalence of hypertension in the obese population (GG vs. AG vs. AA, P&lt;0.001, OR = 1.645, 95% CI [1.258-2.151]). Significant interaction was found between A46G genotypes and body mass index on EH risk. No significant association could be found between C-47T or C79G polymorphism and EH risk. Linkage disequilibrium was detected between the C-47T, A46G and C79G polymorphisms. Haplotype analyses observed that the T-47-A46-C79 haplotype was a protective haplotype for EH, while the T-47-G46-C79 haplotype increased the risk. Conclusions/Significances: We revealed that the ADRB2 A46G polymorphism might increase the risk for EH in the Northern Han Chinese population.Multidisciplinary SciencesSCI(E)7ARTICLE4null

Review of methods used by chiropractors to determine the site for applying manipulation

Background: With the development of increasing evidence for the use of manipulation in the management of musculoskeletal conditions, there is growing interest in identifying the appropriate indications for care. Recently, attempts have been made to develop clinical prediction rules, however the validity of these clinical prediction rules remains unclear and their impact on care delivery has yet to be established. The current study was designed to evaluate the literature on the validity and reliability of the more common methods used by doctors of chiropractic to inform the choice of the site at which to apply spinal manipulation. Methods: Structured searches were conducted in Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and ICL, supported by hand searches of archives, to identify studies of the diagnostic reliability and validity of common methods used to identify the site of treatment application. To be included, studies were to present original data from studies of human subjects and be designed to address the region or location of care delivery. Only English language manuscripts from peer-reviewed journals were included. The quality of evidence was ranked using QUADAS for validity and QAREL for reliability, as appropriate. Data were extracted and synthesized, and were evaluated in terms of strength of evidence and the degree to which the evidence was favourable for clinical use of the method under investigation. Results: A total of 2594 titles were screened from which 201 articles met all inclusion criteria. The spectrum of manuscript quality was quite broad, as was the degree to which the evidence favoured clinical application of the diagnostic methods reviewed. The most convincing favourable evidence was for methods which confirmed or provoked pain at a specific spinal segmental level or region. There was also high quality evidence supporting the use, with limitations, of static and motion palpation, and measures of leg length inequality. Evidence of mixed quality supported the use, with limitations, of postural evaluation. The evidence was unclear on the applicability of measures of stiffness and the use of spinal x-rays. The evidence was of mixed quality, but unfavourable for the use of manual muscle testing, skin conductance, surface electromyography and skin temperature measurement. Conclusions: A considerable range of methods is in use for determining where in the spine to administer spinal manipulation. The currently published evidence falls across a spectrum ranging from strongly favourable to strongly unfavourable in regard to using these methods. In general, the stronger and more favourable evidence is for those procedures which take a direct measure of the presumptive site of care– methods involving pain provocation upon palpation or localized tissue examination. Procedures which involve some indirect assessment for identifying the manipulable lesion of the spine–such as skin conductance or thermography–tend not to be supported by the available evidence.https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-709X-21-3

THE CALC-ALKALINE MONTE CAPO STELLA DYKES IN THE OPHIOLITIC UNIT OF THE ELBA ISLAND (ITALY): GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND COMPOSITIONAL CHARACTERIZATION

Ofioliti is an open-access international journal with the main goal of diffusing the knowledge on ophiolites and modern oceanic lithosphere. In 43 years of activity, Ofioliti published original papers dealing with geodynamics, petrology, geochemistry, stratigraphy, tectonics, biostratigraphy, and paleogeography. All papers published in Ofioliti from 1998 are available online, free of charge. To download the articles, you have to register.In this paper we studied in detail magmatic dykes filling fractures in the pillow lavas of the Ophiolitic Unit cropping out in the Monte Capo Stella Promontory (southern part of the Elba Island in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea). The Elba Island is well known for its Tertiary complex tectonic stack of nappes, Late Miocene intrusion of acidic magmatic bodies and Fe-mineralizations. The phaneritic sub-volcanic rock (Monte Capo Stella dykes, MCSD) shows a porphyritic texture with variable pheno- and xenocrysts content. The main phenocrysts consist of plagioclase, quartz, K-feldspar and biotite. The MSCD, displaying calc-alkaline affinity, have a High-Potassium dacitic composition. Moderate fractionation and negative Eu anomaly characterize the chondrite normalised REE patterns. The mantle-normalised trace element patterns exhibit relatively high content of the most incompatible elements with negative spikes of Ba, Ta, Nb, Sr, P, and Ti. The measured 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd isotopic ratios are 0.708129 and 0.512209 respectively. In spite of the lack of radiometric data, the MCSD can be related to the acidic to intermediate magmatism that occurred in the interland of the Northern Apennines Chain during Late Miocene-Quaternary times. In particular, the MSCD belong to the intermediate rocks of the Tuscan Magmatic Province and display petrological and geochemical characteristics closely resembling those of a mafic enclave collected in the 6.8 Ma Orano Porphyry (Elba Island) and of some 9-4 Ma High Potassium Calc-Alkaline (HKCA) Capraia Island rocks. Thus, in the context of the Elba Island, the studied dykes represent the magmatic bodies showing the most peculiar HKCA features. The intrusion age of the MCSD can be put in the time interval between the intrusion of the Orano Porphyry in Western Elba (6.8 Ma) and that of the Monte Castello dyke (5.8 Ma) in Eastern Elba, and possibly before the Central Elba Fault (CEF) activity. This study also refines the deformation history of the Ophiolitic Unit in the Elba Island defining three final brittle deformation stages.The file attached is the Published/publisher's PDF version of the article. This publication is an OpenAccess Journal. To download the article you will have to register, but this is free of charge