2 research outputs found
Stability condition for the drive bunch in a collinear wakefield accelerator
The beam breakup instability of the drive bunch in the structure-based
collinear wakefield accel- erator is considered and a stabilizing method is
proposed. The method includes using the specially designed beam focusing
channel, applying the energy chirp along the electron bunch, and keeping energy
chirp constant during the drive bunch deceleration. A stability condition is
derived that defines the limit on the accelerating field for the witness bunch.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
Orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPRC5A modulates integrin <b>β</b>1-mediated epithelial cell adhesion
<p>G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR), Class C, Group 5, Member A (GPRC5A) has been implicated in several malignancies. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain poorly understood. Using a panel of human cell lines, we demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout and RNAi-mediated depletion of GPRC5A impairs cell adhesion to integrin substrates: collagens I and IV, fibronectin, as well as to extracellular matrix proteins derived from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma (Matrigel). Consistent with the phenotype, knock-out of GPRC5A correlated with a reduced integrin β1 (ITGB1) protein expression, impaired phosphorylation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and lower activity of small GTPases RhoA and Rac1. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence for a direct interaction between GPRC5A and a receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2, an upstream regulator of FAK, although its contribution to the observed adhesion phenotype is unclear. Our findings reveal an unprecedented role for GPRC5A in regulation of the ITGB1-mediated cell adhesion and it's downstream signaling, thus indicating a potential novel role for GPRC5A in human epithelial cancers.</p