Spiritinių žlaugtų perdirbimas į biodujas

Purpose of this paper is to analyse the possibilities of anaerobic digestion to biogas of spirit stillage. Spirit stillage was processed in anaerobic digester at mesophilic environment. Vertical type biogas digester of 20 liters was used for experiments. Applied organic load was 1 kg/(m3∙d). In spirit stillage was found organic carbon 48,3 %, nitrogen 5,43 %, the C:N ratio is 8,9:1. This material may not be easily processed into biogas due to low C:N ratio. The biogas yield from 1 kg of spirit stillage was 50,6 liters or 652,8 l/kg of dry matter and 685,2 l/kg of dry organic matter. Methane concentration in biogas was 57,7 %. Energy value of 1 kg spirit stillage is 1,03 MJ or 13,3 MJ from 1 kg of dry matter and 14,0 MJ from 1 kg of dry organic matterVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Influence of temperature variation on biogas yield from industrial wastes and energy plants

The influence of temperature on the performance of anaerobic digestion of industrial wastes and energy plants has been investigated. Continuous digestion of industrial wastes and energy plants was carried out for 120 days at different temperature. The variation of temperatures ranges from 52 ºC to 57 ºC while keeping other parameters constant such as the total solid concentration, organic load and pH. The highest biogas yield from industrial wastes and energy plants was found at 52 ºC with average yield of 674.4 l·kg-1·VS-1 and energy value of 14.2 MJ·kg-1·VS-1. By rising temperature to 57 ºC there was a rapid initial drop in the biogas yield rate averaging yield 512.3 l·kg-1·VS-1 and energy value of 10.2 MJ·kg-1·VS-1. In addition, the temperature fluctuations influence variations of biogas production significantlyVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Energy balance of centralized colection of sewage sludge and digestion to biogas

Pastaraisiais metais miestuose ir rajonų gyvenvietėse sparčiai diegiami nauji, renovuojami ir modernizuojami esami nuotekų valymo įrenginiai. Išvalius nuotekas, susidaro šalutinis produktas - nuotekų dumblas, kurį būtina perdirbti arba pašalinti. Vienas iš nuotekų dumblo tvarkymo būdų yra anaerobinis perdirbimas į biodujas. Šiame darbe buvo tiriama galimybė perdirbti į biodujas nuotekų dumblą, susidarantį 20-yje Kupiškio rajono gyvenviečių, kurios turi nuotekų valymo įrenginius. Eksperimentiniais tyrimais nustatyta, vidutinė 30,1 l/kg biodujų išeiga, o nuotekų dumblo energinis potencialas siekia 0,71 MJ/kg. Naudojant matematinį modelį, nustatytos energijos sąnaudos, susidarančios surenkant sutankintą dumblą iš mažų nuotekų valyklų bei perdirbant centralizuotoje biodujų jėgainėje. Nustatyta, kad energijos sąnaudos dumblo sutankinimui siekia 9,9 MJ/t, transportavimui – 736,1 MJ/t, o anaerobiniam perdirbimui – 201,9 MJ/tNew equipment installation in wastewater treatment facilities was rapidly increased at cities and small district‘s recently, as well as installing new, renovation and modernization of existing wastewater treatment plants occurs. Wastewater cleaning forms a sewage sludge, which must be treated or utilized. One way of handling sewage sludge is anaerobic digestion. This paper presents the capabilities of anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge from Kupiškis region in 20 settlements that have wastewater treatment facilities. Performed experiments show an average biogas yield of 30,1 l/kg and energy potential up to 0,71 MJ/kg of sewage sludge. The energy input for collection and transportation of thickened sewage sludge from small wastewater treatment plants and its conversion to biogas at centralized biogas plant have been analysed by applying the mathematical model. The three routes from sewage sludge storages to centralized biogas plant were analysed. It was found that sludge concentration requires 9,9 MJ/t, transportation - 736,1 MJ/t, anaerobic digestion – 201,9 MJ/t of energyVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Energy balances of biogas production from industrial wastes and energy plants

The energy balance of biogas production from industrial wastes and energy plants has been investigated during this research. Conversion efficiency of digestion of industrial wastes and energy plants to biogas by using different temperatures in the range from 52 to 57 ºC has been evaluated. The variation of digestion temperatures shows the difference in the total energy input from 1563 MJ·t-1 to 1666 MJ·t-1. Energy consumption for co-digestion of industrial wastes and energy plants in biogas plant was evaluated in theoretical research. The model results show that the rise of temperature (from 52 to 57 ºC) for anaerobic digestion reduces the efficiency of the biogas plant. Useful energy obtained after digestion at different temperatures varies in the range of 3822 MJ·t-1 to 6089 MJ·t-1. The energy conversion ratio ranged from 3.2 at 57 ºC to 4.9 at 52 ºCVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Reproducibility of fluorescent expression from engineered biological constructs in E. coli

We present results of the first large-scale interlaboratory study carried out in synthetic biology, as part of the 2014 and 2015 International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competitions. Participants at 88 institutions around the world measured fluorescence from three engineered constitutive constructs in E. coli. Few participants were able to measure absolute fluorescence, so data was analyzed in terms of ratios. Precision was strongly related to fluorescent strength, ranging from 1.54-fold standard deviation for the ratio between strong promoters to 5.75-fold for the ratio between the strongest and weakest promoter, and while host strain did not affect expression ratios, choice of instrument did. This result shows that high quantitative precision and reproducibility of results is possible, while at the same time indicating areas needing improved laboratory practices.Peer reviewe