Biljni pripravci u samoliječenju virusnih bradavica

This article represents an overview of the most common used medicinal plant preparations in the self-treatment of viral warts. These plants (Chelidonium maius, Ficus carica, Thuja occidentalis, Allium sativum, Melaleuca alternifolia, Melaleuca quinquenervia, Cinnamomum camphora chemotype cineol, Ricinus communis, Salix alba, Citrus limon, Drosera rotundifolia and Taraxacum officinale) contain various chemical compounds (flavonoids, phenolic acids, essential oils, tannins, alkaloids, coumarins, proteolytic enzymes, phenolic heterosides, vitamins, polysaccharides etc.) that contribute to their activity. Many of these herbs have a traditional medicinal use and some have even been tested in clinical trials. Some plants are shown to have proteolytic enzymes that soften the wart tissue, while others have antiviral substances

HERBAL PRODUCTS IN TREATMENT OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE

Nealkoholna masna bolest jetre (NAFLD; engl. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) predstavlja jednu od najčešćih kroničnih upalnih bolesti jetre koja može prijeći u steatohepatitis, koji u oko 20 % slučajeva progredira do ciroze ili karcinoma jetre. Radi se o multifaktorijalnoj bolesti za koju trenutno nema zadovoljavajuće terapije, a farmakološke metode se baziraju uglavnom na liječenju metaboličkih poremećaja koji su povezani s bolešću. Koriste se antidijabetici koji povećavaju osjetljivost na inzulin (tiazolidini i bigvanidi), antioksidansi (vitamin E), antilipemici (statini), blokatori angiotenzinskih receptora i drugi, međutim niti jedan od njih nije pokazao značajnu učinkovitost i dugotrajnu sigurnost u primjeni. Zbog svega navedenog, posljednjeg desetljeća, biljni preparati sve više privlače pažnju zbog široke dostupnosti, relativno malo nuspojava, širokog mehanizma djelovanja, te posljedične koristi. Dosad objavljene in vitro i in vivo studije pokazuju da biljni preparati kroz različite mehanizme djelovanja smanjuju oštećenje hepatocita povezano s NAFLD. Neki od navedenih mehanizama su: smanjenje lipogeneze; povećanje oksidacije β-masnih kiselina; povećanje osjetljivosti na inzulin; smanjenje oksidativnog stresa i inhibicija aktivacije upalnih putova. Biljni preparati se mogu koristiti kao biljni ekstrakti (korijen sladića, zeleni čaj, sjeme sikavice, crveno grožđe),kemijske tvari (flavonoidi, polifenoli, saponini, alkaloidi) i biljne mješavine (kineska, japanska). Iz invitro studija i in vivo životinjskih modela, možemo zaključiti da biljni lijekovi mogu biti obećavajuća terapijska sredstva, no vrlo je malo randomiziranih kliničkih studija koje bi potvrdile njihovu učinkovitost i sigurnost u ljudi.Veliki problem predstavlja i standardizacija uzorka, formulacija te doziranje.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases of the liver, which can be transmitted to steatohepatitis, which in about 20% progresses to cirrhosis or liver cancer. It is a multifactorial disease for which there is currently no satisfactory therapy, and pharmacological methods are based mainly on the treatment of metabolic disorders associated with the disease. Antidiabetic agents that increase insulin sensitivity (thiazolidines and biguanides), antioxidants (vitamin E), antiliphemics (statins), angiotensin receptor blockers and others are used, however none of them showed significant efficacy and long-term safety in use. Because of all this, for the last decade, herbal preparations are increasingly attracting attention due to their wide availability, relatively few side effects, wide mechanism of action, and consequent benefits. So far published in vitro and in vivo 2 Sažeci radova / Abstracts studies have shown that herbal preparations through various mechanisms of action reduce hepatocellular damage associated with NAFLD. Some of the mechanisms mentioned are: reduction of lipogenesis; increased oxidation of β-fatty acids; insulin sensitivity increase; reduction of oxidative stress and activation of inflammatory pathways. Herbal preparations can be used as herbal extracts (herb root, green tea, glitter seeds, red grapes), chemical substances (flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids) and herbal mixtures (chinese, japanese). From in vitro studies and in vivo animal models, we can conclude that herbal remedies can be promising therapeutic agents, but there are very few randomized clinical studies that would confirm their effectiveness and safety in humans. A major problem is the standardization of the sample, formulation and dosage

Contact Allergy Caused by Fragrance Mix and Myroxylon pereirae (Balsam Of Peru), a Retrospective Study

Because of their widespread use, fragrances are among the most common causes of contact allergic dermatitis, second only to nickel. During a five-year period 3,065 patients with contact dermatitis were patch tested using a specific mix of fragrances. 509 (16.6%) patients were allergic to the fragrance mix, while 258 (8.4%) patients exhibited an allergic reaction to Myroxylon pereirae (balsam of Peru). Between those 509 patients, 157 were patch tested with eight individual substances contained in the fragrance mix: cinnamal, cinnamyl alcohol, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, hydroxycitronellal, alpha-amyl cinnamal and Evernia prunastri (oak moss). The most frequent allergens were isoeugenol 57.9% (91/157), eugenol 55.4% (87/157), cinnamyl alcohol 34.4% (54/157) and Evernia prunastri (oak moss) 24.2% (38/157). There were 62 patients (39.5%) who exhibited an allergic reaction to both the fragrance mix and Myroxylon pereirae (balsam of Peru). The results prove the importance of avoiding allergens in daily life, especially in industrial and cosmetic products. In order to prevent ACD, better cooperation between industry and dermatologists is needed