34 research outputs found
Recession Experiences During Early Adulthood Shape Prosocial Attitudes Later in Life
This paper explores whether the experience of a severe recession during early adulthood shapes individualsâ prosocial attitudes. The analysis uses survey responses to experimentally validated questions that measure prosocial attitudes for approximately 65,000 respondents in 75 countries. The identification approach exploits variation in recession experiences across 78 different birth cohorts. We find that exposure to a recession during early adulthood is associated with lower levels of prosociality later in life. The effect only emerges for experiences during impressionable years (age 18-25), mainly affects prosocial attitudes among men, and is orthogonal to the effect of experiences with democracy
Eating disorders and their putative risk factors among female German professional athletes.
This study examines putative non-sport-specific and sport-specific risk factors for eating disorders (ED) among groups of professional female athletes versus non-athletes. In detail, societal pressure to be thin, its internalisation, body dissatisfaction, sports pressure and early specialisation were investigated. The cross-sectional study included 46 aesthetic and 62 ball game sports athletes, and 108 age-matched non-athletes. Study methods comprised a clinical interview to detect ED and questionnaires. More athletes from aesthetic (17%) than from ball game sports (3%) and non-athletes (2%) suffered from ED. Aesthetic sports athletes did not differ from non-athletes in non-sport-specific factors but obtained higher levels than ball game sports athletes in sport-specific variables (pâ<â.01). All factors together accounted for 57.3% of variation in disordered eating, with sports pressure and body dissatisfaction as significant predictors. The results confirm ED risk for German aesthetic athletes and indicate the importance of sports pressure and body dissatisfaction in explaining athletes' vulnerability.Swiss Anorexia Nervosa Foundation
RuhrâUniversity Bochum
Olympic Support Centre Westphali
The Persistent Effects of Short-Term Peer Groups on Performance : Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Higher Education
This paper studies the persistent effects of short-term peer exposure on long-run performance in a college setting. I exploit the random assignment of undergraduates to peer groups during a mandatory orientation week and track the studentsâ performance over four years (until graduation). Assignment to orientation week groups with high levels of peer ability is associated with lower performance during the first year at college and a higher probability of early dropout. These adverse effects are driven entirely by the exposure of low-ability students to high-ability peers. Beyond the first year, exposure to higher peer ability during the orientation week negatively affects selection into the collegeâs most popular major (business administration) and final grade point average. Taken together, the findings suggest that the composition of short-term peer groups matters for individual choices and long-run performance outcomes
The Persistent Effects of Short-Term Peer Groups in Higher Education
This paper studies the persistent effects of short-term peer exposure in a college setting. I exploit the random assignment of undergraduates to peer groups during a mandatory orientation week and follow the students until graduation. High levels of peer ability in a group harm the studentsâ test scores and lead to increases in the probability of early dropout; this result is driven by the adverse effect of high-ability peers on low-ability students. I find suggestive evidence for discouragement effects: Peer ability is negatively correlated with the studentsâ confidence in their academic ability after the first week
Recession Experiences During Early Adulthood Shape Prosocial Attitudes Later in Life
This paper explores whether the experience of a severe recession during early adulthood shapes individualsâ prosocial attitudes. The analysis uses survey responses to experimentally validated questions that measure prosocial attitudes for approximately 65,000 respondents in 75 countries. The identification approach exploits variation in recession experiences across 78 different birth cohorts. We find that exposure to a recession during early adulthood is associated with lower levels of prosociality later in life. The effect only emerges for experiences during impressionable years (age 18-25), mainly affects prosocial attitudes among men, and is orthogonal to the effect of experiences with democracy
Technologiebedingten Wandel meistern - Change-AnsÀtze zur Reduzierung von Technostress
In modernen Arbeitswelten werden zunehmend arbeitsplatzbezogene digitale Technologien eingesetzt. Wenngleich dies zahlreiche Chancen bietet, kann es auch negative Folgen fĂŒr die Gesundheit von Mitarbeitenden haben. Diese Herausforderungen werden durch die aktuelle Corona-Krise fĂŒr viele Unternehmen noch verschĂ€rft. Stress, der direkt oder indirekt durch den Einsatz von Technologien entsteht, wird als «Technostress» bezeichnet. Wichtige Hebel zu dessen Vermeidung umfassen die Gestaltung von Technologien sowie die BerĂŒcksichtigung verschiedener individueller und situativer Faktoren im Rahmen technologischer VerĂ€nderungsprozesse