Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Role of glial 14-3-3 gamma protein in autoimmune demyelination

14-3-3 γ deficiency does not influence numbers of NogoA positive OL in naive mice. A, B Representative sections of the spinal cord lesions from naive mice. Bar represents 200 μm for both sections. Labelling for NogoA positive OL does not reveal any difference between 14-3-3 γ knockout mice and controls (see arrows). C Blinded quantification of NogoA positive OL on the spinal cord cross sections reveals no difference between both groups (n = 3 mice per group, p = n.s.)

CSF NfH in ALS and controls.

<p>Box and dot plots show CSF NfH^SMI35 in ALS, Parkinson's disease (PD), and controls (CTRL). ALS fast  =  patients with rapid progression of disease over follow-up of 6 months, ALS slow  =  patients with slow progression of disease over follow-up. The box represents the 25^th to 75^th quartile, the whiskers represent the range, and the horizontal line in the box represents the median. Difference between the groups was significant (p<0.001, Kruskal-Wallis Analysis of Variance on Ranks), with post-hoc analysis (Dunn's method) showing patients with ALS to have significantly higher CSF concentrations as compared to patients with PD and controls (p<0.05 each).</p

Demographic data and basic CSF findings of patients included in this study.

<p>*across subgroups of ALS.</p><p>ALSFRS-R  =  revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale, CTRL  =  controls, fast  =  ALS patients with fast progression of disease over follow-up, MRCS  =  Medical Research Council Sumscore, <b>Δ</b>MRCS  =  change in MRC score/time<b>,</b> NS  =  not significant, PD  =  Parkinson's disease, Q_alb  =  albumin CSF/serum quotient, slow  =  ALS patients with slow progression of disease over follow-up, S  =  Significance in Kruskal-Wallis One Way Analysis of Variance on Ranks.</p

CSF and Serum sAPPα, sAPPß, NfH^SMI35, and Progranulin (PRGN) in patients with ALS, Parkinson's disease (PD), and controls (CTRL).

‡<p>Comparison across all groups, Kruskal-Wallis Analysis of Variance on Ranks.</p><p>*Comparison of ALS fast vs. ALS slow, Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test.</p><p>Fast  =  ALS patients with fast progression of disease over follow-up, slow  =  ALS patients with slow progression of disease over follow-up, S  =  statistical significance.</p

CSF concentrations of cAMP and cGMP are reduced in CJD.

<p>CSF concentrations of cAMP (A) and cGMP (B) in cases with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD, n = 15) and control patients (CON, n = 11) measured by LC-MS/MS. Data are means ± SEM, **<i>p</i><0.01, Mann-Whitney test.</p

CSF sAPPα/ß in relation to disease progression and NfH.

<p>Upper diagrams: Dot plot shows CSF sAPPα and sAPPß in patients with ALS plotted against duration of disease. Straight line represents regression line; correlation was significant (R = −0.39, p = 0.01 for sAPPα and R = −0.37, p = 0.01 for sAPPß). Lower diagrams: Dot plot shows CSF sAPPα and sAPPß in patients with ALS plotted against NfH^SMI35. Straight line represents regression line; correlation was significant (p = 0.001, R = −0.42 for sAPPα, and p = 0.007, R = −0.35 for sAPPß).</p

CSF concentrations of cAMP negatively correlate with tau protein in CJD.

<p>Correlation of tau protein with cAMP (A) or cGMP (B) concentrations in CSF of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) patients. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) and the respective <i>p</i>-values are given.</p

CSF sAPPα/ß in ALS and controls.

<p>Box and dot plots show (A) CSF sAPPα and (B) CSF sAPPß in ALS, Parkinson's disease (PD), and controls (CTRL) as well as (C) ratio CSF NfH^SMI35/CSF sAPPα and (D) ratio CSF NfH^SMI35/CSF sAPPß (right side). ALS fast  =  patients with rapid progression of disease over follow-up of 6 months, ALS slow  =  patients with slow progression of disease over follow-up. The box represents the 25^th to 75^th quartile, the whiskers represent the range, and the horizontal line in the box represents the median.</p

CSF concentrations of cAMP and cGMP are not altered in PD and PDD.

<p>CSF concentrations of cAMP (A) and cGMP (B) in cases with Parkinson's disease (PD, n = 11), PD dementia (PDD, n = 8) and control patients (CON, n = 9) measured by LC-MS/MS. Data are means ± SEM, <i>p</i> = 0.50 (cAMP), <i>p</i> = 0.57 (cGMP), Kruskal-Wallis test.</p

Characteristics of potential CSF biomarkers for CJD in ROC analysis.

<p>AUC: area under the curve.</p>1<p>The cut-off was calculated using the Youden index <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0032664#pone.0032664-Baker1" target="_blank">[24]</a>.</p