Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Andrius Petrašiūnas, <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-3694">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-3694</a>. Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia, <a href="http://bionomia.net">https://bionomia.net</a> using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org">https://gbif.org</a>

Taksonominė ir filogenetinė genties Trichocera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Trichoceridae) analizė

Winter gnats of the genus Trichocera are one of the main insect groups found in mild climates during the autumn, winter and spring months and so are unique in their way of adapting to living in colder seasons. Phylogenetic links of the genus Trichocera are examined, taxonomy of the genus renewed, species composition of several regions is ascertained and characters for dividing into subgenuses are specified in this thesis. Based on the material collected in Lithuania by standard entomological techniques and by analysis of literature data, a list of 22 species of winter gnats is given with 9 species new for our country. One new for science species of winter gnats is described from Sardinia, Italy. Based on the selected morphologic characters, phylogenetic analysis was performed and 15 species were transferred from one subgenus to another as a result. Characters of male aedeagal complex were found to be a basis for attributing the species into particular subgenus. For the first time important structures of the females of four species, male of one species and type specimens of 15 more species were illustrated. World catalogue of the 110 recent species of Trichocera is compiled and different structures of 106 species are illustrated

Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Andrius Petrašiūnas, <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-3694">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-3694</a>. Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia, <a href="http://bionomia.net">https://bionomia.net</a> using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org">https://gbif.org</a>

A new species of Trichocera Meigen (Diptera: Trichoceridae) from Sardinia

Petrašiūnas, Andrius (2009): A new species of Trichocera Meigen (Diptera: Trichoceridae) from Sardinia. Zootaxa 2108: 62-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18780

Trichoceridae

Key to species of Trichoceridae known from Korea <p> 1. Relatively small in size, wing 4–6 mm long, <i>D-cell</i> pentagonal, first tarsal segment very short, only about 1/10 of the second segment............................................ Subfamily Paracladurinae, <i>Paracladura rasnitsyni</i> Krzemińska</p> <p> - Larger in size, wings mostly 7–9 mm long; <i>D-cell</i> more triangular, first tarsal segment long, up to twice as long as the second segment........................................................................ Subfamily Trichocerinae, 2</p> <p> 2. Wing patterned, dark areas over the base of vein <i>Rs</i>, cross-veins <i>r-m</i>, <i>r-r</i>, around <i>D-cell</i>, over the radial vein area and medial veins, at the end of <i>A2</i> (Fig. 1–6)......................................... <i>T.</i> (<i>S.</i>) <i>maculipennis punctipennis</i> Brunetti</p> <p> - Wing unpatterned (Fig. 7), or at most with a spot over cross-vein <i>r-m</i>............................................ 3</p> <p>3. Gonostylus with one or more conspicuous processes at mid-length.............................................. 4</p> <p>- Gonostylus without processes at mid-length; at most with an inconspicuous basal tubercle........................... 6</p> <p> 4. Gonostylus with one triangular, acute process at mid-length; apex of gonostylus hooked (Fig. 20)..................................................................................................... <i>T.</i> (<i>T.</i>) <i>sakaguchii</i> Alexander</p> <p>- Gonostylus with two or three processes....................................................................5</p> <p> 5. Gonostylus with one long, straight process at base and one smaller process closer to apex (Fig. 24)... <i>T.</i> (<i>T.</i>) <i>sibirica</i> Edwards</p> <p> - Gonostylus with one long, slightly bent process at base and two processes at apex, forming a “V” shape (Fig. 25). Distal wing cells with macrotrichia............................................................ <i>T.</i> (<i>T.</i>) <i>mirabilis</i> Alexander</p> <p> 6. Pleuron with setae on both anepimeron and metepisternum (Fig. 23).................. <i>T.</i> (<i>S.</i>) <i>sparsa</i> Starý & Martinovský</p> <p>- Pleuron bare or rarely with one or two setae either on anepimeron or metepisternum.................................7</p> <p>7. Ventrobasal lobes of gonocoxites not fused, with a clear gap (i.e. gonocoxal bridge incomplete, Figs. 22, 23)............. 8</p> <p>- Ventrobasal lobes of gonocoxites fused, forming a complete bridge (Figs. 17–21)...................................9</p> <p> 8. Ventrobasal lobes of gonocoxites rather narrow, forming a high arc (Fig. 22). Usually a clear spot is visible on <i>r-m</i>, tarsal claw only slightly shorter than the last tarsal segment...................................... <i>T.</i> (<i>S.</i>) <i>regelationis</i> (Linnaeus)</p> <p> - Ventrobasal lobes wide, they form a rather low arc (Fig.26–27). Wings clear, tarsal claw equals half of the last tarsal segment (Fig. 29)........................................................................... <i>T.</i> (<i>S.</i>) <i>latipons</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p> <p>9. Gonostylus longer than gonocoxite, slightly bent at mid-length, slightly sinuous, without basal tubercle (Fig. 19); one of the</p> <p> largest species, wing length 8–9 mm...................................................... <i>T.</i> (<i>T.</i>) <i>major</i> Edwards - Gonostylus approximately equal in length to gonocoxite, with tooth-like or smaller triangular tubercle at base.......... 10</p> <p> 10. Basal tubercle of gonostylus thin and acute, tooth-like (Fig. 18). Sternite IX with an outgrowth at median, directed toward the bridge (not clearly visible in all specimens)............................................. <i>T.</i> (<i>T.</i>) <i>hiemalis</i> (De Geer)</p> <p> - Basal tubercle triangular and blunt (Fig. 17). Sternite IX lacking median outgrowth.................................................................... <i>T.</i> (<i>T.</i>) <i>tuberculifera</i> Alexander (<i>T. latilobata</i> (Fig. 21) should key out here as well).</p>Published as part of <i>Petrašiūnas, Andrius & Podenas, Sigitas, 2017, New data on winter crane flies (Diptera: Trichoceridae) of Korea with description of a new species, pp. 561-575 in Zootaxa 4311 (4)</i> on pages 573-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.4.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/848459">http://zenodo.org/record/848459</a&gt

Paracladura rasnitsyni Krzeminska 2005

<i>Paracladura rasnitsyni</i> Krzemińska, 2005 <p>(Fig. 9)</p> <p> <i>Paracladura rasnitsyni</i> Krzemińska, 2005: 327.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. The species was described rather recently from Russian Far East, Primorsky Krai and only holotype male and paratype female specimens were known (Krzemińska 2005, Figs. 5, 54-60).</p> <p> <b>Examined material</b> (Fig. 31): 1 male (pinned, genitalia in vial of glycerol), North Korea, Ompo, alt. 500 ft., 28.05.1938, coll. A. M. Yankovsky (USNM).</p> <p> <b>Notes.</b> First record for Korean Peninsula and only the second case of this species ever recorded. Males of this species have unique parameres in shape of two broad, membranous lobes covering aedeagus from ventral side, then abruptly narrowing into long, thin hooks curved to inside and almost meeting medially (Krzemińska 2005), better visible in lateral view (Fig. 9).</p>Published as part of <i>Petrašiūnas, Andrius & Podenas, Sigitas, 2017, New data on winter crane flies (Diptera: Trichoceridae) of Korea with description of a new species, pp. 561-575 in Zootaxa 4311 (4)</i> on page 563, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.4.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/848459">http://zenodo.org/record/848459</a&gt

Trichocera (Trichocera) major Edwards 1921

<i>Trichocera</i> (<i>Trichocera</i>) <i>major</i> Edwards, 1921 <p>(Fig. 19; Krzemińska 2001b, Figs. 1–17)</p> <p> <i>Trichocera major</i> Edwards, 1921: 229.</p> <p> <i>Trichocera</i> (<i>Trichocera</i>) <i>major:</i> Dahl & Alexander, 1976: 16.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> This species is widely distributed in Europe, being found from Ireland (Ashe & O’Connor 1989), Great Britain (Edwards 1921) and Spain (Dahl <i>et al.</i> 2002) to European part of Russia (Petrašiūnas & Paramonov 2013) and further east to Japan (Nakamura (2014) as well as the specimens collected by T. Nakamura and donated to the senior author of this report, stored in MZVU) and Korea (the present study).</p> <p> <b>Examined material</b> (Fig. 38): 1 male (pinned), North Korea, Seren Mts., alt. 4–5000 ft., 0 2.10.1937 coll. A. M. Yankovsky; 1 male, 1 female (same pin), 2 specimens without genitalia (same pin), North Korea, Ompo, alt. 800 ft., 0 5.11,1937, coll. A. M. Yankovsky; 1 female (pinned), North Korea, Ompo, alt. 600 ft., 26.09.1937, coll. A. M. Yankovsky, wrongly named as paratype of <i>Dicranoptycha prolongata</i> by C. P. Alexander (all USNM).</p> <p> <b>Notes.</b> This appears to be a widely distributed species; however, these records are the first for Korea.</p>Published as part of <i>Petrašiūnas, Andrius & Podenas, Sigitas, 2017, New data on winter crane flies (Diptera: Trichoceridae) of Korea with description of a new species, pp. 561-575 in Zootaxa 4311 (4)</i> on page 570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.4.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/848459">http://zenodo.org/record/848459</a&gt

Trichocera (Trichocera) tuberculifera Alexander 1938

<i>Trichocera</i> (<i>Trichocera</i>) <i>tuberculifera</i> Alexander, 1938 <p>(Figs. 7, 14–17)</p> <p> <i>Trichocera tuberculifera</i> Alexander, 1938: 131, Figs. 2, 25.</p> <p> <i>Trichocera</i> (<i>Trichocera</i>) <i>tuberculifera</i>: Dahl & Alexander 1976: 17.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> This species is known only from the Seren Mountains of North Korea (Alexander 1938). <b>Examined material</b> (Fig. 42): 1 male (pinned), Holotype #6549, 1 female, Allotype (on the same pin), N. Korea, Seren Mts., alt. 5000 ft., 0 3.10.1937, coll. A. M. Yankovsky (USNM).</p> <p> <b>Notes.</b> The species is only known from type specimens, no other records exist. Based on male genitalic structures, it resembles an ordinary <i>T. hiemalis</i>. At the time the type material was available for us this question didn’t arise, so a more thorough re-examination of the type and comparative material is needed to revise the status of <i>T. tuberculifera</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Petrašiūnas, Andrius & Podenas, Sigitas, 2017, New data on winter crane flies (Diptera: Trichoceridae) of Korea with description of a new species, pp. 561-575 in Zootaxa 4311 (4)</i> on page 573, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.4.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/848459">http://zenodo.org/record/848459</a&gt