4 research outputs found

    MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF RELAXATION PROCESS IN CONCRETE

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    The study provides experimental and theoretical investigations of stress relaxation in concrete under preset constant deformation of specimens and proposes an approach to the mathematical determination of stress relaxation in concrete. In addition to mathematical modeling, parallel long-term tests were performed on concrete specimens of the same class under four different regimes: determination of concrete creep in compression (concrete prism specimens in spring installations) according to GOST 24544; determination of concrete relaxation in compression (concrete prism specimens in special installations, determination of concrete creep in bending (concrete specimens-beams in rack-type installations working in bending and loaded with gravity load) according to GOST 24544; determination of concrete relaxation in bending (concrete specimen beams, with applied initial deformation in the middle of the span Determination of stress drop was performed using electronic dynamometers built between the specimen and the point of load application. A new concept, "relaxation measure Rm", was proposed. This value is similar in meaning to the creep measure and characterizes the degree of stress reduction in time due to relaxation when loaded with a unit relative strain. The introduction of relaxation measure allows to simplify the relaxation equation and significantly simplifies its solution. According to the results of calculation by the proposed computational algorithms for determining the relaxation measure in comparison with the experimental data, a satisfactory convergence of the results is obtained Qualitative conclusions about the applicability of the methodology of SP 63.13330 for reducing the modulus of elasticity of concrete in creep and relaxation

    STATIC BEARING CAPACITY OF STEEL-PLATE COMPOSITE WALLS

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    The features of the behavior of steel-plate composite walls for static loads are considered. Based on the analysis of modern technical and regulatory documentation, the rationale for the chosen research topic is given. A review of the literature is performed, and the features of development are noted. A detailed description and features of the experimental structures under study and the materials used are presented. The features of the test are considered, and the test equipment is described. Analytical and numerical calculations of structures for eccentric compression have been performed. The description of the calculation complex and the used models of materials is presented; the description of numerical models, the features of their construction and calculation are given, the results of calculations are presented – stress distributions, deformations, features of cracking. The general types of experimental eccentric compression wall models are presented, the nature of the loss of bearing capacity of experimental structures is described, and a picture of destruction is presented. The analysis of the experimental data obtained and their comparison with analytical and numerical calculations are performed

    Deformation of concrete under long-term influences of different types

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    Introduction: Creep deformation of concrete depends at the character of stress state (compression, tension, bending, etc.). At this moment in our country as well abroad the chief parameter which determine by results of long tests concrete sample is the creep of concrete. These tests are done in the mode of uniaxial compression in spring units for one or several specimens, which simulates the compression of walls and columns. But in addition to centrally compressed elements, bending is present in an important part of structures (extracentral compressed columns, slabs, beams, etc.). In unique and difficult constructions massive reinforced concrete elements (foundations, elements of supports for equipment, columns of the lower floors of high-rise buildings, etc.) are often used. In this case the real work of structures under longterm effect of loading differs at the experimental one. Objective: Design and approbation of these methods to concrete testing samples under conditions other than standard tests - in the bending and three-axial compression modes. Materials and methods: In this scientific article describe the methodology of experimental setup for investigation of creep concrete specimens in the bending mode and in the mode imitating three-axial compression, describes the parameters of testing devices, specimens under test and principles transmission of load. Results: In this scientific article results of the experimental studies are presented in the graphical form in the article; their analysis is fulfilled. Conclusions: The perspectivity of the suggested approaches to the testing of concrete specimens for long-term loads has been shown, and recommendations for changes in GOST 24544 have been prepared

    Система контроля сплошности бетона сталежелезобетонных конструкций на основе тепловизионного метода

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    Для набирающих популярность сталежелезобетонных конструкций существует проблема контроля сплошности бетона после бетонирования, если внешняя стальная оболочка является несъёмной опалубкой и отсутствует визуальный контроль затвердевшей бетонной поверхности – это в первую очередь трубобетонные конструкции и сталежелезобетонные конструкции с внешним листовым армированием. Целью выполненного исследования являлась разработка новой системы контроля сплошности бетона сталежелезобетонных конструкций на основе тепловизионного метода, используя которую будет возможно после бетонирования в конструкциях с закрытой для осмотра бетонной поверхностью без вскрытия металлической оболочки находить значительные дефекты в виде полостей и непробетонированных участков, которые могут являться критическими. Предлагаемая система контроля основана на тепловизионном исследовании металла поверхности сразу после бетонирования во время твердения бетона. Это возможно, поскольку при твердении и наборе прочности бетона происходит большое выделение тепла. На тех участках внутри конструкции, где имеется дефект – полость, непробетонированный участок, строительный мусор и т.д., то есть отсутствует плотный контакт бетона и внешнего стального листа, передача тепла будет осуществляется менее эффективно, и это можно зафиксировать с помощью тепловизора, при необходимости – с принудительным отводом тепла. Возможно получение аналогичных результатов при выполнении обратной задачи – нагрева конструкции снаружи. Полученные результаты экспериментов, а также законы теплотехники, описывающие перенос тепла между различными материалами, позволяют утверждать, что предложенная методика будет успешно работать. В настоящее время других неразрушающих методик определения и поиска внутренних дефектов в сталежелезобетонных конструкциях, позволяющих точно определить месторасположение и параметр дефекта, не существует. Предложенная новая методика была опробована на нескольких малых образцах, но уже сейчас можно сказать, что она будет пригодна для конструкций разных типов и конфигураций после проведения полномасштабных исследований, учитывающих толщину металла, объём конструкции и т.д
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