Description of the situations of recordings and data collected.

*<p>situations that were provoked by a human being.</p

Polar plot representing the mean acoustic properties of the clusters for A. 2-cluster and B. 5-cluster solutions.

<p>Each polar axis ranges from 0 to the maximum of each parameter. Maximum values are noted in brackets.</p

Proportion of call types emitted in each of the situation.

<p>A. 2-cluster solution and B. 5-cluster solution. Asterisks (* or **) mean that the number of calls is higher than the expected number for a random distribution; i.e. *: Pearson residuals >2 and **: Pearson residuals >4.</p

Relationship between the proportion of call types and the valence of the situation.

<p>Valence was evaluated from the point of view of the piglets by experts. <i>t</i>: 0.05<<i>P</i><0.10;*: <i>P</i><0.05.</p

Spectrograms of representative calls for each cluster A. in 2-cluster solution and B. 5-cluster solution.

<p>Spectrograms of representative calls for each cluster A. in 2-cluster solution and B. 5-cluster solution.</p

Evolution of the two indices EtaK and PreK according to the different cluster solutions.

<p>EtaK (right y-axis) is represented by filled circles and full lines. PreK (left y-axis) is represented by open circles and dashed lines.</p

Simulation of average overall classification success of calls to situations depending on number of calls available for classification.

<p>A. Classification into one of the 11 situations; B. classification in the gross biological type of situation (life threat/nursing/other). The situation of the piglet was identified from the call(s) based either on 8 acoustic variables (square) or on types of the calls – either 2 call types (triangle) or 5 call types (circle). Mean proportion of correct classifications and 95% Confidence Interval for the mean from 20 repeated simulations are displayed.</p

Dendrograms of situation similarity according to A. acoustic parameters, B. two call types and C. five call types.

<p>Hierarchical clustering with Ward’s method was used to construct the dendrograms. Height represents cophenetic distance (dissimilarity) between the situations. Distances are estimated by Ward’s criterion for group fusion. AN = after nursing, AR = in the arms of a person, BN = before nursing, CA = castration, CR = crushing, FI = fighting, HU = huddling, IS = isolation, MN = missed nursing, RE = reunion with the sow and litter, SU = surprise.</p

Polar plot representing the mean acoustic properties of the calls in each situation.

<p>We grouped A. negative situations: Castration, Crushing, Fighting and Arms, B. nursing-related situations: Before nursing, After nursing, Missed nursing, and C. other situations: Reunion, Huddling, Isolation and Surprise. Each polar axis ranges from 0 to the maximal mean of each parameter (values in brackets).</p

Bivariate histogram of the number of calls.

<p>Histogram is built up according to the duration and the median of the distribution of frequency amplitudes (q50) of the calls. To construct the histogram, duration bin was set to 0.1 s and q50 bin was set to 200 Hz. Values higher than 99 percentile for both variables were all grouped into the last bin.</p