14 research outputs found
Comparison of the mechanical fatigue indices of Golden Delicious apples and Packham pears
One of the most significant phenomena in the processing of horticultural crops, leading to the damaging of the fruit, is fatigue due to repeated mechanical stress, which endangers the integrity of the produce, especially during transport. In the event of such damages, the immediate environment of the damaged fruit, or even the entire batch of crops may be in danger, as the biological processes leading to spoilage are not limited to the individual crop damaged. In the case of repeated effects, a force less than the static limit value is sufficient to cause spoilage, but in addition to the load, the material properties of the given crop, as well as the energy balance observed during damage play important roles in determining the mechanical resistance. Accordingly, in our work, a description of the spoilage process is built on the material models most characteristic of the selected crops, on the dissipated energy indicators measured during repeated loads, and on the definition and determination of the spoilage time. In the experiments, the fatigue indices of Golden Delicious apples, making up most of the apple production of the European Union, and of long shelflife Packham pears are compared by setting up linear regression models
AprĂtĂłgĂ©pek automatikus vezĂ©rlĂ©sĂ©nek Ĺ‘rlĂ©skinetikai Ă©s energetikai megalapozása = Founding the Grinding-Kinetic and Energetic Principles for Automatic Control of Mills
A kutatás cĂ©lja az aprĂtĂł tĂ©rben zajlĂł folyamat, modellkĂsĂ©rletekre alapozott, Ĺ‘rlĂ©skinetikai leĂrásának fejlesztĂ©se volt. Olyan számĂtĂłgĂ©pes mĂ©rĹ‘-Ă©rzĂ©kelĹ‘ Ă©s adatfeldolgozĂł rendszert fejlesztettĂĽnk ki, amely a kĂsĂ©rleteken tĂşl már egy automatikus vezĂ©rlĹ‘ rendszer fĂ©lĂĽzemi pĂ©ldányának is tekinthetĹ‘. A sebessĂ©ggel egyĂ©rtelműen nĹ‘ a termĂ©k finomsága, azonban a hatás nem erĹ‘s. A tömegáram viszont erĹ‘sen nĹ‘ a sebessĂ©ggel, Ăgy az Ăşn. "finomságprodukciĂł" hatásosan befolyásolhatĂł a sebessĂ©g vezĂ©rlĂ©sĂ©vel, vagyis a gĂ©p gyártĂłvonalba illesztĂ©sĂ©t a fordulatszám-vezĂ©rlĂ©s jĂłl szolgálja. Erre a kifejlesztett mĂ©rĹ‘-vezĂ©rlĹ‘ rendszer kĂ©pes. MĂ©rĂ©si adataink feldolgozásábĂłl egyszerű Ă©s határozott empirikus összefĂĽggĂ©seket találtunk a kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ szabványok szerinti nevezetes szemcsemĂ©retek között. A kerĂĽleti sebessĂ©g Ă©s a gĂ©p teljesĂtĹ‘kĂ©pessĂ©ge közötti összefĂĽggĂ©s, a jellemzĹ‘ ĂĽzemi tartományban, nagyon szorosan lineáris. Eszerint a fĂĽggvĂ©ny deriváltja (a folyamategyenlet egyik parciális deriváltja) empirikus konstans, Ăgy törvĂ©nyszerűsĂ©gnek tekinthetĹ‘. A tömegáram-teljesĂtmĂ©nyigĂ©ny sebessĂ©gparamĂ©teres felvĂ©telei nagyon jĂł illeszkedĂ©sű másodfokĂş görbĂ©ket adtak a mĂ©rĂ©si tartományban, a tranziens görbĂ©k derivált görbĂ©i egyenesek. A töltet (a pillanatnyilag az aprĂtĂł tĂ©rben tartĂłzkodĂł anyag mennyisĂ©ge) Ă©s a teljesĂtmĂ©ny-felvĂ©tel összefĂĽggĂ©se lineáris, ami egy Ăşjabb alapegyenlet, de legalábbis törvĂ©nyelem, kĂ©pzĂ©sĂ©nek forrása. | The goal of the research was the development of the comminution-kinetic description and modelling of the process in the grinding chamber of the mill. A computer aided measurement-control system has been elaborated and improved which, besides the tests, is capable of working as a pilot-plant device as well. The fineness of product (grits) definitely increases with increasing the peripheral speed but its effect is not significant. However, the mass flow considerably increases by the growing speed values so the so-called "fineness production" can be greatly influenced by the speed control; the speed-controlled mill can be fit well in the technology. The improved measurement is capable of performing this function. After processing the measured data, simple and definite relationships were found between the different standard nominal particle sizes. The relationship between the hammer speed and the capacity of mill is about perfectly linear in the characteristic operation range; the derivative of the function is empirically constant and this can be considered as a process law as well. The derivative curves of the transient functions of net power demand plotted against the mass flow are linear. Also relationship between the charge (the actual mass in the grinding chamber in an instance) and the net input power is linear and this is again a new source of forming a fundamental equation ? or at least a new element of the comminution principles
Mezőgazdasági anyagok rheológiája és felületi jellemzői = Rheological and surface properties of Agricultural materials
A kutatási program cĂ©lja a növĂ©nyek, termĂ©nyek Ă©s a termesztĂ©sben használt mezĹ‘gazdasági fĂłliák mechanikai, fizikai felĂĽleti jellemzĹ‘inek meghatározása volt. A kutatás eredmĂ©nyekĂ©nt tisztáztuk a rheolĂłgiai tulajdonságokkal rendelkezĹ‘ növĂ©nyek felĂĽletĂ©nek szilárdsági viselkedĂ©sĂ©t a kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ terhelĂ©sek (statikus, dinamikus, ismĂ©tlĹ‘dĹ‘) Ă©s a biolĂłgiai állapotok fĂĽggvĂ©nyĂ©ben. A mĂ©rĂ©sekhez berendezĂ©st Ă©pĂtettĂĽnk. Modellt állĂtottunk fel a mezĹ‘gazdasági fĂłliák mechanikai jellemzĂ©sĂ©re, a környezeti hĹ‘mĂ©rsĂ©kleti, öregedĂ©si hatások figyelembevĂ©telĂ©vel. A sĂ©rĂĽlt növĂ©nyek gyĂłgyulási folyamatának jellemzĂ©sĂ©hez mĂ©rĹ‘berendezĂ©st Ă©s mĂłdszert fejlesztettĂĽnk. A növĂ©nyek alakjának felismerĂ©sĂ©re Ă©s jellemzĂ©sĂ©re matematikai modellt állĂtottunk fel. A növĂ©ny felszĂni reflexiĂłs jellemzĹ‘i Ă©s a biolĂłgiai tulajdonságok között kapcsolatokat tártunk fel. Az eredmĂ©nyeket a hiperspektrális távĂ©rzĂ©kelĂ©sben hasznosĂtottuk. A program keretĂ©ben egy DSc dolgozat több fejezete, Ă©s egy PhD dolgozat kĂ©szĂĽlt. | The goal of our research was to determine mechanical and physical attributes of plants?, crops? and agricultural foils? surface. As a result, rheological properties of the test plants have been clarified and static features of their surface have been determined in dependence of different stress conditions (static, dynamic and repeating) and their biological stage. Equipment has been developed for the experiments. A new model has been established for mechanical characterization of agricultural foils with respect on ambient temperature and aging. Technological improvement has been carried out to monitor damaged plants healing processes. A new mathematical model has been set to recognize and characterize plants? shape. Relations between surface reflection and biological properties have been revealed. Results have been exploited in the hyperspectral remote sensing researches. In the frame of the project several chapters of a D.Sc. dissertation and a Ph.D. thesis have been made
Golden Delicious almák Ă©s Packham körtĂ©k mechanikai kifáradási mutatĂłinak összehasonlĂtása
A kertĂ©szeti termĂ©nyek feldolgozási folyamataiban az egyik legjelentĹ‘sebb, a gyĂĽmölcs tönkremenetelĂ©hez vezetĹ‘ jelensĂ©g az ismĂ©tlĹ‘dĹ‘ mechanikai igĂ©nybevĂ©telek miatt bekövetkezĹ‘ kifáradás, ami fĹ‘leg a szállĂtás során veszĂ©lyezteti a termĂ©nyek Ă©psĂ©gĂ©t. Ilyen sĂ©rĂĽlĂ©sek esetĂ©ben a károsodott gyĂĽmölcs közvetlen környezete, vagy akár a teljes termĂ©nyhalmaz is veszĂ©lybe kerĂĽlhet, hiszen a romláshoz vezetĹ‘ biolĂłgiai folyamatok nem korlátozĂłdnak a károsodott termĂ©nyegyedre. Az ismĂ©tlĹ‘dĹ‘ hatások esetĂ©ben a statikus határtĂ©rtĂ©khez kĂ©pest kisebb erĹ‘ is elegendĹ‘ a tönkremenetelhez, de a terhelĂ©s mellett az adott termĂ©ny anyagi tulajdonságai, valamint a károsodás közben megfigyelhetĹ‘ energiamĂ©rleg is fontos szerepet játszik a mechanikai ellenállás meghatározásában. Munkánkban ennek megfelelĹ‘en a választott termĂ©nyeket leginkább jellemzĹ‘ anyagmodellekre, az ismĂ©telt terhelĂ©sek során mĂ©rt disszipált-energia mutatĂłkra, valamint a tönkremeneteli idĹ‘ definiálására Ă©s meghatározására Ă©pĂtjĂĽk a tönkremeneteli folyamat leĂrását. A kĂsĂ©rletek során az EurĂłpai UniĂł almatermelĂ©sĂ©nek legnagyobb arányĂş kĂ©pviselĹ‘je, a Golden Delicious alma, valamint a hosszĂş tárolhatĂłságĂş Packham körte kifáradási jellemzĹ‘it hasonlĂtjuk össze lineáris regressziĂłs modellek felállĂtásával
Cutting engineering ceramics with normal edge tool
During improvement of the technology the demand of special serviceable high temperature, high-strength materials e.g. zirconium dioxide is increasing now. The mechanical working after sinter is confined to grinding and honing. Our research work deals with a better possibility of material removal. A special measuring system was elaborated for this purpose. The article summarizes briefly the main questions of the topic and next the main parts of the measuring system is presented
Energy and Quality Performance Investigation of Hammer Mill
Comminution and grinding of cereals during animal feed processing needs a valuable energy consumption and therefore it has an important role in agriculture. The proper quality of the animal food has an optimal grain size distribution. The task of the process is to make the animal food with the proper size distribution at an optimal energy consumption. The performance of the conventional hammer mill equipped with frequency inverter was investigated with a complex and novel measuring system
Strain Test of Farm Machine Chassis
During the construction of self-propelled and tractor-pulled farm machines several tests take place in laboratory and in the field. The functional and the stress-strain tests are mostly used. The mechanical load on the chassis is derived from the load of the normal machine operation and from the mechanical motion on the terrain. The normal machine operation is a specific problem and depends on the operation of the specific machine. This article deals with the strain measurement on the critical parts of chassis and the accelerations on the machine during motion. The mobile measuring system consists of 3 pieces of HBM made Spider8 universal digital PC measurement electronics with 4.8 kHz carrier frequency all in all 24 measuring channels and a notebook. The measuring channels can process strain gages with ÂĽ bridge configuration together with external compensating resistors and inductive half bridge acceleration transducers. The purpose of the article is to give an example of a complete mobile measuring system and a couple of problems during the calibration and the interpretation of measuring data
Golden Delicious almák Ă©s Packham körtĂ©k mechanikai kifáradási mutatĂłinak összehasonlĂtása
A kertĂ©szeti termĂ©nyek feldolgozási folyamataiban az egyik legjelentĹ‘sebb, a gyĂĽmölcs tönkremenetelĂ©hez vezetĹ‘ jelensĂ©g az ismĂ©tlĹ‘dĹ‘ mechanikai igĂ©nybevĂ©telek miatt bekövetkezĹ‘ kifáradás, ami fĹ‘leg a szállĂtás során veszĂ©lyezteti a termĂ©nyek Ă©psĂ©gĂ©t. Ilyen sĂ©rĂĽlĂ©sek esetĂ©ben a károsodott gyĂĽmölcs közvetlen környezete, vagy akár a teljes termĂ©nyhalmaz is veszĂ©lybe kerĂĽlhet, hiszen a romláshoz vezetĹ‘ biolĂłgiai folyamatok nem korlátozĂłdnak a károsodott termĂ©nyegyedre. Az ismĂ©tlĹ‘dĹ‘ hatások esetĂ©ben a statikus határtĂ©rtĂ©khez kĂ©pest kisebb erĹ‘ is elegendĹ‘ a tönkremenetelhez, de a terhelĂ©s mellett az adott termĂ©ny anyagi tulajdonságai, valamint a károsodás közben megfigyelhetĹ‘ energiamĂ©rleg is fontos szerepet játszik a mechanikai ellenállás meghatározásában. Munkánkban ennek megfelelĹ‘en a választott termĂ©nyeket leginkább jellemzĹ‘ anyagmodellekre, az ismĂ©telt terhelĂ©sek során mĂ©rt disszipált-energia mutatĂłkra, valamint a tönkremeneteli idĹ‘ definiálására Ă©s meghatározására Ă©pĂtjĂĽk a tönkremeneteli folyamat leĂrását. A kĂsĂ©rletek során az EurĂłpai UniĂł almatermelĂ©sĂ©nek legnagyobb arányĂş kĂ©pviselĹ‘je, a Golden Delicious alma, valamint a hosszĂş tárolhatĂłságĂş Packham körte kifáradási jellemzĹ‘it hasonlĂtjuk össze lineáris regressziĂłs modellek felállĂtásával