Cystathionine beta synthase deficiency induces catalase-mediated hydrogen peroxide detoxification in mice liver

International audienc

Perinatal outcome of twins compared to singletons of the same gestational age: A case-control study

Our objective was to determine the perinatal outcome of first- and second-born twins compared to singletons, born at the same gestational age. To that end we conducted a case-control study in Flanders (Northern Belgium). During a 10-year period (01.01.1999-31.12.2008), the entire twin population - 11,154 first- and 11,118 second-born twins (cases) - was compared to 22,228 singletons (controls) with respect to fetal and neonatal (0-27 days) mortality. Only case and control infants of ≥ 500 grams were included, which explained the unequal number of first- and second-born twins. Mothers and their infants of cases and of controls were derived from the Flemish perinatal database and were matched for maternal age and parity, gestational age and gender of the offspring. The main outcome measures were fetal and neonatal mortality according to gestational age. The frequency of fetal death was statistically significantly less frequent in preterm born twins than in singletons, except at term where the reverse was seen in second-born twins compared to controls. After adjustment for congenital malformations, the results stayed unchanged. Below 28 weeks gestation, singletons had a significantly lower neonatal mortality rate than twins that persisted after adjustment for congenital malformations: the first-born twin versus singleton OR 1.71 (1.17-2.51) and second-born versus singleton OR 2.09 (1.43-3.05). Between 28 and 32 weeks, the second-born twin showed a survival advantage over the control singleton. Between 32 and 36 6/7 weeks both twins had a significantly higher survival rate than the corresponding singleton controls. However, after adjustment for congenital malformations, the aforementioned differences between 28 and 36 6/7 weeks disappeared. When at term, twins and singletons had a comparable, though very low, neonatal death rate. These results confirm previous published data. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the neonatal death rate was lower for twins between 32 and 36 weeks (from 28 weeks for the second born twin) when compared to a singleton of the same gestational age. After adjusting for congenital malformations, there was no statistical significant difference.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Digital image analysis of ASB-assisted failure of impacted structural materials

Experimental analysis of fracture mechanisms is a key point to understand and further reproduce physical phenomena involved in structural material failure. Actually, crack propagation under high loading rate is a strongly coupled thermo-mechanical problem involving large deformation, high strain rate and (quasi) adiabatic conditions. The work presented herein aims at analyzing the successive steps of the dynamic deterioration of a high strength structural material, namely the ARMOX500T armor steel, leading to the ultimate fracture. The Kalthoff and Winkler impact test, consisting in impacting the edge of a double notched plate, was retained for that purpose. Images are captured at high frame rate (1M frame/s) during the impact loading then analyzed according to a line tracking method. Three stages are accordingly observed: first the progressive development of a weak localization of the deformation within a wide zone behind the notch tips, second the propagation of a narrow band of strong localization, and finally the propagation of a crack. The propagation of the white band is associated to the development of an adiabatic shear band (ASB), as a precursor of the crack. Corresponding displacement fields are identified thanks to the adopted line tracking method, allowing for determining the evolution of mechanical quantities, including notably notch tip shear displacement and velocity, ASB-related white band velocity, global and local shear strain and shear strain rate magnitudes, in view of being implemented into numerical models

Analysis of ASB assisted failure in a high strength steel under high loading rate

International audienceIn the present work, the engineering, high strength ARMOX500T steel was submitted to a Kalthoff and Winkler type impact test in view of evaluating its crack arrest capability under dynamic loading. From an impact velocity of the order of 150m/s, the crack propagation is seen to be preceded by adiabatic shear banding (ASB) leading to a premature plate failure. The whole chronology of the plate failure mechanisms (weak localization, strong localization in the form of ASB then cracking) was observed thanks to the use of an ultra-high speed camera. Further digital image analysis allows for establishing displacement fields describing the kinematics induced by both adiabatic shear banding and crack propagation, in the perspective of being implemented into an embedded band/crack based model in the context of dynamic plasticity and fracture

Digital image analysis of ASB-assisted failure of impacted structural materials

Experimental analysis of fracture mechanisms is a key point to understand and further reproduce physical phenomena involved in structural material failure. Actually, crack propagation under high loading rate is a strongly coupled thermo-mechanical problem involving large deformation, high strain rate and (quasi) adiabatic conditions. The work presented herein aims at analyzing the successive steps of the dynamic deterioration of a high strength structural material, namely the ARMOX500T armor steel, leading to the ultimate fracture. The Kalthoff and Winkler impact test, consisting in impacting the edge of a double notched plate, was retained for that purpose. Images are captured at high frame rate (1M frame/s) during the impact loading then analyzed according to a line tracking method. Three stages are accordingly observed: first the progressive development of a weak localization of the deformation within a wide zone behind the notch tips, second the propagation of a narrow band of strong localization, and finally the propagation of a crack. The propagation of the white band is associated to the development of an adiabatic shear band (ASB), as a precursor of the crack. Corresponding displacement fields are identified thanks to the adopted line tracking method, allowing for determining the evolution of mechanical quantities, including notably notch tip shear displacement and velocity, ASB-related white band velocity, global and local shear strain and shear strain rate magnitudes, in view of being implemented into numerical models

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The negative regulator of Gli, Suppressor of fused (Sufu), interacts with SAP18, Galectin3 and other nuclear proteins.

Sufu (Suppressor of fused) is a negative regulator of the Hedgehog signal-transduction pathway, interacting directly with the Gli family of transcription factors. However, its function remains poorly understood. In the present study, we determined the expression, tissue distribution and biochemical properties of mSufu (mouse Sufu) protein. We identified several mSufu variants of which some were phosphorylated. A yeast two-hybrid screen with mSufu as bait allowed us to identify several nuclear proteins as potential partners of mSufu. Most of these partners, such as SAP18 (Sin3-associated polypeptide 18), pCIP (p300/CBP-cointegrator protein) and PIAS1 (protein inhibitor of activated signal transduction and activators of transcription 1), are involved in either repression or activation of transcription and two of them, Galectin3 and hnRNPA1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1), have a nuclear function in pre-mRNA splicing. We confirmed the mSufu-SAP18 and mSufu-Galectin3 interactions by independent biochemical assays. Using a cell transfection assay, we also demonstrated that mSufu protein (484 amino acids) is predominantly cytoplasmic but becomes mostly nuclear when a putative nuclear export signal is mutated or after treatment of the cells with leptomycin B. Moreover, mSufu is translocated to the nucleus when co-expressed with SAP18, which is normally found in this compartment. In contrast, Galectin3 is translocated to the cytoplasm when it is co-expressed with mSufu. Our findings indicate that mSufu is a shuttle protein that appears to be extremely versatile in its ability to bind different proteins in both the cytoplasm and nucleus

Trichobezoar: A rare cause of bowel obstruction

A bezoar is an intraluminal mass formed by the accumulation of undigested material in the gastrointestinal tract. A trichobezoar is a bezoar made up of hair and is a rare cause of bowel obstruction of the proximal gastrointestinal tract. They are seen mostly in young women with trichotillomania and trichotillophagia and symptoms include epigastric pain, nausea, loss of appetite and bowel or gastric outlet obstruction. We herein describe a case of a trichobezoar that presented as a gastric outlet obstruction and was subsequently successfully removed via a laparotomy

Digital image analysis of ASB-assisted failure of impacted structural materials

International audienceExperimental analysis of fracture mechanisms is a key point to understand and further reproduce physical phenomena involved in structural material failure. Actually, crack propagation under high loading rate is a strongly coupled thermo-mechanical problem involving large deformation, high strain rate and (quasi) adiabatic conditions. The work presented herein aims at analyzing the successive steps of the dynamic deterioration of a high strength structural material, namely the ARMOX500T armor steel, leading to the ultimate fracture. The Kalthoff and Winkler impact test, consisting in impacting the edge of a double notched plate, was retained for that purpose. Images are captured at high frame rate (1M frame/s) during the impact loading then analyzed according to a line tracking method. Three stages are accordingly observed: first the progressive development of a weak localization of the deformation within a wide zone behind the notch tips, second the propagation of a narrow band of strong localization, and finally the propagation of a crack. The propagation of the white band is associated to the development of an adiabatic shear band (ASB), as a precursor of the crack. Corresponding displacement fields are identified thanks to the adopted line tracking method, allowing for determining the evolution of mechanical quantities, including notably notch tip shear displacement and velocity, ASB-related white band velocity, global and local shear strain and shear strain rate magnitudes, in view of being implemented into numerical models