Piercing the Corporate Veil by Tort Creditors

This Article reviews the corporate veil-piercing tests courts are increasingly using to grant leniency to tort creditors and the justifications that are most likely to predict veil piercing success by such creditors. This Article concludes that courts tend to use the same veil piercing test for both contract and tort creditors, but re-weigh the factors that are influential in predicting such veil-piercing outcomes

Quitting the Boss? The Role of Manager Influence Tactics and Employee Emotional Engagement in Voluntary Turnover

Employees commonly cite their managers’ behavior as the primary reason for quitting their jobs. We sought to extend turnover research by investigating whether two commonly used influence tactics by managers affect their employees’ voluntary turnover and whether employees’ emotional engagement and job satisfaction mediate this relationship. We tested our hypotheses using survey data collected at two time points from a sample of financial services directors and objective lagged turnover data. Using multilevel path modeling, we found that managers’ use of pressure and inspirational appeals had opposite effects on employee voluntary turnover and that employees’ emotional engagement was a significant and unique mediating mechanism even when job satisfaction, the traditional attitudinal predictor of turnover, was also included in the path model. Our findings contribute to turnover research by demonstrating a relationship between specific managerial behaviors and employee turnover and shed light on a key mediating mechanism that explains these effects

Chapter 8: Adapting to Climate Change

Forest ecosystems respond to natural climatic variability and human-caused climate change in ways that are adverse as well as beneficial to the biophysical environment and to society. Adaptation can be defined as responses or adjustments made— passive, reactive, or anticipatory—to climatic variability and change (Carter et al. 1994). Many adjustments occur whether humans intervene or not; for example, plants and animals shift to favorable habitats, and gene frequencies may change to favor traits that enable persistence in a warmer climate. Here we assess (general) strategies and (specific) tactics that resource managers can use to reduce forest vulnerability and increase adaptation to changing climate (Peterson et al. 2011). Plans and activities range from short-term, stop-gap measures, such as removing conifers that are progressively invading mountainmeadows, to long-term, proactive commitments, such as vegetation management to reduce the likelihood of severe wildfire or of beetle-mediated forest mortality

Experimental Observation of Earth's Rotation with Quantum Entanglement

Precision interferometry with quantum states has emerged as an essential tool for experimentally answering fundamental questions in physics. Optical quantum interferometers are of particular interest due to mature methods for generating and manipulating quantum states of light. The increased sensitivity offered by these states promises to enable quantum phenomena, such as entanglement, to be tested in unprecedented regimes where tiny effects due to gravity come into play. However, this requires long and decoherence-free processing of quantum entanglement, which has not yet been explored for large interferometric areas. Here we present a table-top experiment using maximally path-entangled quantum states of light in an interferometer with an area of 715 m$^{2}$, sensitive enough to measure the rotation rate of Earth. A rotatable setup and an active area switching technique allow us to control the coupling of Earth's rotation to an entangled pair of single photons. The achieved sensitivity of 5 $\mu$rad/s constitutes the highest rotation resolution ever achieved with optical quantum interferometers, surpassing previous work by three orders of magnitude. Our result demonstrates the feasibility of extending the utilization of maximally entangled quantum states to large-scale interferometers. Further improvements to our methodology will enable measurements of general-relativistic effects on entangled photons opening the way to further enhance the precision of fundamental measurements to explore the interplay between quantum mechanics and general relativity along with searches for new physics