1,137 research outputs found
On the Leibniz rule and Laplace transform for fractional derivatives
Taylor series is a useful mathematical tool when describing and constructing
a function. With the series representation, some properties of fractional
calculus can be revealed clearly. This paper investigates two typical
applications: Lebiniz rule and Laplace transform. It is analytically shown that
the commonly used Leibniz rule cannot be applied for Caputo derivative.
Similarly, the well-known Laplace transform of Riemann-Liouville derivative is
doubtful for n-th continuously differentiable function. By the aid of this
series representation, the exact formula of Caputo Leibniz rule and the
explanation of Riemann-Liouville Laplace transform are presented. Finally,
three illustrative examples are revisited to confirm the obtained results
Kripke’s Category Error: Why There Are No Necessary A posteriori Propositions
Kripke’s main argument against descriptivism is rooted in a category error that confuses statements about the world with statements about models of the world. It is only because of the ambiguity introduced by the fact that a single sentence can frame two different propositions, one necessary and the other a posteriori, that one reaches the mistaken conclusion that there can be necessary a posteriori truths. This ambiguity from language was carried over into modal logic by Kripke. However, we must consider the two different propositions (1) and (2) separately. Doing so reveals that a given proposition is either necessary and a priori or contingent and a posteriori. It cannot be both
Motion-Induced Position Shifts Activate Early Visual Cortex
The ability to correctly determine the position of objects in space is a fundamental task of the visual system. The perceived position of briefly presented static objects can be influenced by nearby moving contours, as demonstrated by various illusions collectively known as motion-induced position shifts. Here we use a stimulus that produces a particularly strong effect of motion on perceived position. We test whether several regions-of-interest (ROIs), at different stages of visual processing, encode the perceived rather than retinotopically veridical position. Specifically, we collect functional MRI data while participants experience motion-induced position shifts and use a multivariate pattern analysis approach to compare the activation patterns evoked by illusory position shifts with those evoked by matched physical shifts. We find that the illusory perceived position is represented at the earliest stages of the visual processing stream, including primary visual cortex. Surprisingly, we found no evidence of percept-based encoding of position in visual areas beyond area V3. This result suggests that while it is likely that higher-level visual areas are involved in position encoding, early visual cortex also plays an important role
Microsaccade Rate Varies with Subjective Visibility during Motion-Induced Blindness
Motion-induced blindness (MIB) occurs when a dot embedded in a motion field subjectively vanishes. Here we report the first psychophysical data concerning effects of microsaccade/eyeblink rate upon perceptual switches during MIB. We find that the rate of microsaccades/eyeblink rises before and after perceptual transitions from not seeing to seeing the dot, and decreases before perceptual transitions from seeing it to not seeing it. In addition, event-related fMRI data reveal that, when a dot subjectively reappears during MIB, the blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal increases in V1v and V2v and decreases in contralateral hMT+. These BOLD signal changes observed upon perceptual state changes in MIB could be driven by the change of perceptual states and/or a confounding factor, such as the microsaccade/eyeblink rate
Direction-of-Change Forecasts for Asian Equity Markets Based on Conditional Variance, Skewness and Kurtosis Dynamics: Evidence from Hong Kong and Singapore
Recent theoretical work has revealed a direct connection between asset return volatility forecastability and asset return sign forecastability. This suggests that the pervasive volatility forecastability in equity returns could, via induced sign forecastability, be used to produce direction-ofchange forecasts useful for market timing. We attempt to do so in the context of two key Asian equity markets, with some success, as assessed by formal probability forecast scoring rules such as the Brier score. An important ingredient is our conditioning not only on conditional variance information, but also conditional skewness and kurtosis information, when forming direction-of-change forecasts.Volatility, variance, skewness, kurtosis, market timing, asset management, asset allocation, portfolio management.
Direction-of-Change Forecasts Based on Conditional Variance, Skewness and Kurtosis Dynamics : International Evidence
Recent theoretical work has revealed a direct connection between asset return volatility forecastability and asset return sign forecastability. This suggests that the pervasive volatility forecastability in equity returns could, via induced sign forecastability, be used to produce direction-of-change forecasts useful for market timing. We attempt to do so in an international sample of developed equity markets, with some success, as assessed by formal probability forecast scoring rules such as the Brier score. An important ingredient is our conditioning not only on conditional mean and variance information, but also conditional skewness and kurtosis information, when forming direction-of-change forecasts.Volatility, variance, skewness, kurtosis, market timing, asset management, asset allocation, portfolio management
Direction-of-Change Forecasts Based on Conditional Variance, Skewness and Kurtosis Dynamics: International Evidence
Recent theoretical work has revealed a direct connection between asset return volatility forecastability and asset return sign forecastability. This suggests that the pervasive volatility forecastability in equity returns could, via induced sign forecastability, be used to produce direction-of change forecasts useful for market timing. We attempt to do so in an international sample of developed equity markets, with some success, as assessed by formal probability forecast scoring rules such as the Brier score. An important ingredient is our conditioning not only on conditional mean and variance information, but also conditional skewness and kurtosis information, when forming direction-of-change forecasts.Volatility, variance, skewness, kurtosis, market timing, asset management, asset allocation, portfolio management
Detecting Long-Duration Narrow-Band Gravitational Wave Transients Associated with Soft Gamma Repeater Quasi-Periodic Oscillations
We have performed an in-depth concept study of a gravitational wave data
analysis method which targets repeated long quasi-monochromatic transients
(triggers) from cosmic sources. The algorithm concept can be applied to
multi-trigger data sets in which the detector-source orientation and the
statistical properties of the data stream change with time, and does not
require the assumption that the data is Gaussian. Reconstructing or limiting
the energetics of potential gravitational wave emissions associated with
quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) observed in the X-ray lightcurve tails of
soft gamma repeater flares might be an interesting endeavour of the future.
Therefore we chose this in a simplified form to illustrate the flow,
capabilities, and performance of the method. We investigate performance aspects
of a multi-trigger based data analysis approach by using O(100 s) long
stretches of mock data in coincidence with the times of observed QPOs, and by
using the known sky location of the source. We analytically derive the PDF of
the background distribution and compare to the results obtained by applying the
concept to simulated Gaussian noise, as well as off-source playground data
collected by the 4-km Hanford detector (H1) during LIGO's fifth science run
(S5). We show that the transient glitch rejection and adaptive differential
energy comparison methods we apply succeed in rejecting outliers in the S5
background data. Finally, we discuss how to extend the method to a network
containing multiple detectors, and as an example, tune the method to maximize
sensitivity to SGR 1806-20 flare times.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
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