Evaluation of Pre-Trial Diversion Project, State of Alaska, Department of Law

In February 1978 the Alaska Department of Law initiated a pilot pretrial intervention (PTI) project in Anchorage directed at first-time property offenders with no history of violence and no current drug or alcohol dependency. The project was aimed at reducing recidivism and costs to the criminal justice system, and included a built-in evaluation component. This report explores the PTI project's impact by (1) comparing PTI clients with other defendants; (2) investigating compliance of PTI clients with contracts to which they agree at time of program entry; (3) comparing costs of PTI compared with those generated in ordinary criminal cases; (4) evaluating the program's administration, identifying its deficiencies, and suggesting improvements; and (5) looking at recidivism rates of PTI clients.State of Alaska Department of Law Grant No. 78-A-014 Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, United States Department of JusticeAcknowledgements / Introduction / Project Background / Project Clientele / Client Performance / Cost Comparisons / Project Administration / Appendix A. Eligibility Criteria / Appendix B. Data Collection For

The field of inter-organizational relations : a jungle or an Italian garden?

Each chapter in this Handbook contains an explicit assessment of priorities for future research that would extend and deepen an understanding of IOR. Given the diversity of contributions to this volume, it is perhaps not surprising that recommendations for future research are varied. And because the three sets of contributions start from different points-empirical manifestations, theoretical and disciplinary perspectives, and thematic interests-so the recommendations, too, might be expected to lead along different paths, 'cutting' and framing future research topics in different ways. Nevertheless, as others have suggested (Brass et al. 2005) it is possible to see some points of convergence across all three parts of the Handbook. We begin our discussion of the contributions and suggestions for the future by focusing on these points of convergence. We then look in turn at the specific ideas that emerge from, and relate to, the specific framings of each of the parts. Finally, we draw together insights about methodological issues

Manual of Criminal Law and Procedure

Intended to aid to Alaska law enforcement officers in the performance of their duties in the field, this manual was designed to provide brief, quick access to major points of substantive and procedural criminal law. The manual contained discussion and procedural guidelines for investigatory stops, identification procedures including line-ups, arrest, search and seizure, interrogation, as well as discussion of justification for the use of nondeadly and deadly force whether by peace officers or civilians, culpability, entrapment, trial preparation, and media relations. The section on substantive criminal law deals with a selection of crimes most likely to be encountered by "street" officers as defined with the recently enacted Revised Alaska Criminal Code (effective January 1, 1980), desribing elements of each crime, investigative hints, and differences with previous provisions of the criminal code, where relevant.Alaska Department of Law Grant No. 78-A-014Introduction / Criminal Procedures / Substantive Criminal Law / Justification / Culpability / Entrapment / Trial Preparation / Media Relations / Appendice

Networks as perspective on policy and implementation

This article discusses the jungle of theories and approaches that abound today in works applied to the management of relations between organizations. It discusses the actions of 'individuals' who may be thought of as managers of an inter-organizational entity (IOE). It also explores research that describes organizational capabilities - in the sense of building them - as a product of, and an enactment through, managerial action. It address the various ways in which this kind of research has been conducted, including a discussion of the various methodologies and underlying theories that provide foundations for discussions of the management challenges inherent in dealing with collaboration and areas of substantive focus. Finally, this article closes with a discussion of significant gaps in the literature that require future research.</p

The Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in Alaska

This study of the Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) Board was conducted in connection with a larger research project dealing with "°Alcohol Control in Village Alaska" sponsored by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Grant # AA03183-01.Alaska state law provides that Alaska communities may make legal or illegal the local sale of liquor. Further, they may restrict legal liquor sales to community-run liquor stores and may prosecute other sales of liquor or the possession or transportation of alcoholic beverages with the intent to sell them illegally. This study of the Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) Board, conducted in connection with a larger research project dealing with varying legal approaches to the control of alcohol use in rural Alaska, was designed to determine the extent to which statewide legalistic control mechanisms for beverage alcohol helped or hindered local option control efforts.National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Grant #AA03183-01Preface (by John E. Havelock) / I. Background and Objectives of the Study / II. The Existing System of Alcohol Beverage Control: A. Historical Development: A Brief Overview; B. Current Statutory Scheme; C. Current Regulatory Scheme; D. Organizational Scheme / III. The ABC Laws: The Actual and Potential Uses: A. Legislative Views; B. The Kelso Study; C. The Views of Board Members and Staff / IV. Conclusions / V. Recommendation

Human Resources, Training and Education: A Survey of Alaska Criminal Justice Agencies

This report presents results of a survey of Alaska criminal justice agencies. The survey was designed to provide baseline data on the educational levels of criminal justice personnel and existing training programs in Alaska; and to elicit from criminal justice agencies their views on subject areas — both in higher education programs and in continuing professional development programs — which those agencies believed deserved attention. A total of 47 agencies, offices, institutions within agencies, and individuals responded to the survey, out of a total of 78 to whom surveys were sent. Respondents represented the law enforcement agencies, the Alaska Court System, the Alaska Department of Law, the Alaska Public Defender, and correctional agencies including probation/parole.Summary of Results / Introduction / Methodology / Analysis of Data: Criminal Justice Employment; Criminal Justice Employees Education Backgrounds; Special Education Related Skills; Training Programs; Entry Level Training; In-Service Training; Promotion Training; Miscellaneous Training Data / Additional Comments / Recommendations / Author's Postscript / Appendix I. Survey Instrument / Appendix II. Agencies Surveye

The Use of Citations in Lieu of Arrest in Misdemeanor Citations

Since 1973, law enforcement officials in Alaska had statutory authority under Alaska Statutes 12.25.180 et. seq. to issue citations in lieu of physical arrest and booking in misdemeanor cases, and by August 1975, Juneau Police Department began to use citations in lieu of misdemeanor arrests. This report summarizes the work of a Uniform Citation Task Force, comprising representatives of the Alaska Court System, Alaska State Troopers, Anchorage District Attorney's Office, and the Anchorage Police Department, with the Criminal Justice Center at University of Alaska providing coordination and conducting research to develop guidelines for implementation of a uniform citation program within interested Alaska criminal justice agencies. A.S. 12.25.180 et. seq. and practices of the Juneau Police Department, New York City, and the State of California were used as jumping-off points in the Task Force's deliberations on (1) the place where citations could be issued, (2) the criteria that law enforcement officers should consider in reaching a decision whether or not to issue a citation in lieu of physical arrest and booking, and (3) the form of the citation to be used. Suggested policies, suggested training format, and agency recommendations for which misdemeanor offenses citations may be issued are also provided.Alaska Court System, Alaska Public Defender's Office, Alaska State Troopers, Anchorage District Attorney's Office, and Anchorage Police DepartmentIntroduction / Background / Approach: Place at Which Citation is Issued; Criteria for Release; Form of the Citation; Miscellany / Probable Areas of Benefit to Criminal Justice Agencies / Proposed Means of Evaluation / Conclusions and Required Actions / Suggested Policy Format / Suggested Training Format / Areas for Further Study // APPENDICES / 1. AS 12.25.180 et. seq. / 2. Juneau Police Department Policy on Citations / 3. New York City Police Department Procedures and Forms for Uniform Summons Program / 4. California Forms for Uniform Citations / 5. Agency Recommendations for which Citations May be Issued / 6. Proposed Release Criteria / 7. Proposed Uniform Traffic Citatio

Potential Impact of Mandatory Minimum Sentencing on Existing Division of Corrections Adult Offender Inmate Capacity

This report was prepared for the Alaska Criminal Code Revision Commission to provide its members with an assessment of the potential impact on the Alaska Division (later Department) of Corrections adult offender inmate capacity likely to result from enactment of mandatory minimum sentencing provisions. The study projected that DOC would need at least 200 more secure units by 1981 if mandatory minimum sentencing was applied to second or subsequent felony offenders for a limited number of felony violent crimes. Application of mandatory minimums for such offenders to ALL felonies would likely result in DOC's entire capacity being used up within three years after enactment of minimum sentencing guidelines.Alaska Criminal Code Revision CommissionSummary / Background and Introduction / General Approach / CONCLUSIONS / Case One: Across the Board Mandatory Minimum Sentences for Felony Recidivists / Case Two: Limited Mandatory Minimum Sentences / APPENDICES / 1. Explanation of Crime Categories / 2. Crimes to which Mandatory Minimum Sentences would Appl

Developing Prosecutorial Charging Guidelines: A Case Study

In July 1975, Alaska's attorney general announced his intention to end plea bargaining by assistant attorneys in all criminal cases involving violations of Alaska criminal law. While the major thrust of this policy change was intended to halt negotiations over sentencing, the policy also dealt — albeit less intensely — with charge bargaining. This paper describes efforts ot the Alaska Department of Law's Criminal Division to enhance the effectiveness of plea bargaining policy through the development of uniform, statewide charging guidelines, including the development of Project PROSECUTOR (PROSecutor Enhanced Charging Using Tested Options and Research), and presents preliminary findings from the project's prosecutorial screening intake component.Acknowledgements / Introduction / The Environment / The Infrastructure / The Department of Law / The Anchorage District Attorney's Office / The Plea Bargaining Policy / Project Prosecutor / Tentative Findings / Preliminary Data Findings / Summation / APPENDICES: A. Memoranda from Alaska Attorney General Avrum Gross re: plea bargaining ban; B. Tables; C. Data Collection Instrument; D. Case Evaluation Forum / Reference

Clinical heterogeneity among people with high functioning autism spectrum conditions: evidence favouring a continuous severity gradient.

BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASCs) are characterized by a high degree of clinical heterogeneity, but the extent to which this variation represents a severity gradient versus discrete phenotypes is unclear. This issue has complicated genetic studies seeking to investigate the genetic basis of the high hereditability observed clinically in those with an ASC. The aim of this study was to examine the possible clustering of symptoms associated with ASCs to determine whether the observed distribution of symptom type and severity supported either a severity or a symptom subgroup model to account for the phenotypic variation observed within the ASCs. METHODS: We investigated the responses of a group of adults with higher functioning ASCs on the fifty clinical features examined in the Autism Spectrum Quotient, a screening questionnaire used in the diagnosis of higher functioning ASCs. In contrast to previous studies we have used this instrument with no a priori assumptions about any underlying factor structure of constituent items. The responses obtained were analyzed using complete linkage hierarchical cluster analysis. For the members of each cluster identified the mean score on each Autism Spectrum Quotient question was calculated. RESULTS: Autism Spectrum Quotient responses from a total of 333 individuals between the ages of 16.6 and 78.0 years were entered into the hierarchical cluster analysis. The four cluster solution was the one that generated the largest number of clusters that did not also include very small cluster sizes, defined as a membership comprising 10 individuals or fewer. Examination of these clusters demonstrated that they varied in total Autism Spectrum Quotient but that the profiles across the symptoms comprising the Autism Spectrum Quotient did not differ independently of this severity factor. CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with a unitary spectrum model, suggesting that the clinical heterogeneity observed in those with an autistic spectrum condition at the higher-IQ end of the spectrum is associated with a gradient in the overall severity of the ASC rather than with the presence of different specific symptom profiles in different individuals. The implications of this for genetic research are considered.RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are