Post-exposure anti-H3+B5 hmAb protection in rabbits.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Peak percent weight loss amongst groups. (<b>B</b>) Peak percent temperature increase. (<b>C</b>) Peak clinical score. (<b>D</b>) RPXV copies in 1 mL of whole blood. (<b>E</b>) Viremia at peak disease (RPXV copies/mL).</p

Post-exposure protection in rabbits with single hmAb.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Peak percent weight loss amongst groups. (<b>B</b>) Peak percent temperature increase. (<b>C</b>) Peak clinical score.</p

Post-exposure anti-H3+B5 hmAb protection in rabbits.

<p>(<b>A</b>) VACV neutralization in vitro. (<b>B–F</b>) Post-exposure protection of rabbits against rabbitpox. 32 New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were challenged with 1x105 PFU of RPXV intranasally. Group 1 (n = 10) received no treatment, Group 2 (n = 6) and group 4 (n = 10) received two I.V. injections of antibody cocktail at 9 mg/kg and 1.25 mg/kg respectively, one hour and 72 hours post-challenge. Group 3 (n = 6) received a single I.V. injection of antibody cocktail at 9 mg/kg 2 days post-challenge. (<b>B</b>) Body Weights. (<b>C</b>) Percent change from initial body temperature. (<b>D</b>) Percent change from initial respiration rate. (<b>E</b>) Clinical scores. (<b>F</b>) Percent survival.</p

Pre-exposure hmAb protection of SCID mice.

<p>Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were treated with a single dose of human anti-H3 hV26, anti-B5 h101, a combination of the two, 2.0 mg of vaccinia immune globulin (VIG), or negative control anti-DNP mAb at day -1 and then infected intravenously via tail vein with 5×104 PFU of vaccinia virus, ACAM2000 lab stock strain; n = 12/group, except for the naïve control [n = 2]. (A) Weights. (B) Survival. (C) Clinical scores. (D) 5% weight loss.</p

Post-exposure hmAb protection with single animal housing.

<p>(<b>A</b>) SCID mice were treated with a 500 µg dose of human anti-H3 hV26 and anti-B5 h101 retro-orbitally on day 1 post-infection. A booster dose of 500 µg of the combination therapy was provided to the mice on day 11 intraperitoneal. All mice were infected with 5×104 PFU of vaccinia virus, ACAM2000 retro-orbitally on day 0. For both groups n = 12. 4 mice in each group were sacrificed at day 28 for other analyses not shown. (<b>B</b>) Individual mice weights. (<b>C</b>) Clinical scores day 25. (<b>D</b>) Survival. (<b>E</b>) Clinical scores of the combination anti-H3+B5 group on day 25 versus day 88.</p

Post-exposure protection in rabbits with single hmAb.

<p>(A) Body Weights. 14 New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were challenged with 1×105 PFU of RPXV intranasally. Group 1 (n = 6) received no treatment, Group 2 (n = 6) received two I.V. injections of anti-B5 h101 alone at 9 mg/kg, one hour and 72 hours post-challenge. Group 3 (n = 2) received two I.V. injections with the antibody cocktail at 9 mg/kg, one hour and 72 hours post-challenge. (<b>B</b>) Percent change in initial body temperature. (<b>C</b>) Clinical scores. (<b>D</b>) Percent survival.</p

Expression and trafficking of mouse and human LAMP/<i>gag.</i>

<p>(A) Western blot analysis of human 293 cells transfected with mLAMP/<i>gag</i> and hLAMP/<i>gag</i> plasmids. Samples were probed with an anti-Gag monoclonal antibody. The molecular weight markers are indicated on the right. (B) DCEK cells were transfected with the hLAMP/<i>gag</i> plasmid and stained with anti-Gag (red) or anti-MHC II (green) monoclonal antibodies. Digitally merged image shows co-localization of the hLAMP/<i>gag</i> chimera- and MHC II-containing compartments (yellow).</p

IgA and IL-6 immune responses of hLAMP/<i>gag</i> immunized macaques.

<p>Gag-specific mucosal immune responses of immunized Rhesus macaques were quantitated by ELISA for IgA and IL-6. (A) Serum IgA levels of the individual macaques at different time-points. (B) IL-6 production of PBMCs from individual macaques stimulated at week 32 with recombinant Gag protein after four DNA immunizations. (C) IgA levels of external secretions of individual macaques.</p

Humoral immune responses of immunized macaques.

<p>Gag-specific antibody responses of Rhesus macaques immunized with hLAMP/<i>gag</i> plasmid were measured by ELISA. (A) Sera diluted 1∶100 from individual macaques was assayed for total anti-Gag antibodies (IgG). (B) End-point titers were measured at week 24 after four DNA immunizations. The reported titers correspond to the reciprocal of the highest serum dilution that gave an OD value three times higher than that of the corresponding dilution of a non-immune serum.</p

T-cell immune responses to twelve pools of ten 15-aa Gag peptides each.

<p>T-cell responses of PBMCs from immunized Rhesus macaques to 12 pools, each consisting of ten gag 15-aa peptides overlapping by 11-aa, were measured by use of ELISPOT assays at week 20 after three DNA immunizations. Each bar represents the frequency of IFN-γ⁺ cells per 10⁶ PBMCs.</p