3,211 research outputs found
Farmers as Producers of Clean Water: Getting Incentive Payments Right and Encouraging Farmer Participation
This research involved a field experiment using watershed payments as an incentive for farmers to address agricultural non-point pollution (ANP). Objectives were to: (1) describe how payments were estimated for a field experiment; (2) explain why a team approach is needed for ANP; (3) discuss the essential elements used for recruitment of farmers into a field experiment setting; and (4) address whether or not farmers were motivated to participate and pursue ANP abatement. One year into the experiment, the results are encouraging. About one-half of farmers who attended meetings are participating. They own or operate approximately 41% of the agricultural land in the watershed. Farmer actions to date have included determining an allocation formula for the payment, requesting watershed wide sampling, and cost sharing of ANP abatement.field experiment, team approach, agricultural non-point pollution, performance-based incentives, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,
The turbulent heat flux in low Mach number flows with large density variations
A transport equation has been derived which is the difference between the volume- and mass-averaged velocities and is simply related to the turbulent heat flux phi sup h. Using this equation and an assumption analogous to the drift flux approximation of two-phase flow modeling, an algebraic closure relation for phi sup h that exibits fluxes due to directed transport proportional to -del anti p and due to gradient transport proportional to -del tau has been obtained
Non-Markovian Stochastic Resonance
The phenomenological linear response theory of non-Markovian Stochastic
Resonance (SR) is put forward for stationary two-state renewal processes. In
terms of a derivation of a non-Markov regression theorem we evaluate the
characteristic SR-quantifiers; i.e. the spectral power amplification (SPA) and
the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), respectively. In clear contrast to Markovian
SR, a characteristic benchmark of genuine non-Markovian SR is its distinctive
dependence of the SPA and SNR on small (adiabatic) driving frequencies;
particularly, the adiabatic SNR becomes strongly suppressed over its Markovian
counterpart. This non-Markovian SR theory is elucidated for a fractal gating
dynamics of a potassium ion channel possessing an infinite variance of closed
sojourn times.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
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