5,676 research outputs found
Why Are East Germans Not More Mobile?: Analyzing the Impact of Local Networks on Migration Intentions
Despite poor regional labour market conditions East Germans exhibit a rather limited willing-ness of leaving their home region. Applying an IV ordered probit approach and using the German Socio Economic Panel (SOEP), we test a local network explanation of lower spatial mobility. Firstly, we find that membership in locally bounded social networks reduces regional mobility. Secondly, we show that native East Germans are more invested in this type of social networks than West Germans. Thirdly, after controlling for the social network effect the mobility gap between East and West substantially reduces. Thus, low regional labour mobility of East Germans is for a significant part attributable to local ties binding people to their home region.Social networks, labour mobility
Why are East Germans not More Mobile? Analyzing the Impact of Social Ties on Regional Migration
Individualsâ preferences in transition regions are still shaped by the former communist system. We test this âCommunism legacyâ hypothesis by examining the impact of acculturation in a communist regime on social network participation and, as a consequence, on preferences for spatial mobility. We focus on the paradigmatic case of East Germany where mobility intentions seem to be substantially weaker than in the western part. Applying an IV ordered probit approach we firstly find that East German people acculturated in a Communist system are more invested in locally bounded informal social capital than West Germans. Secondly, we confirm that membership in such locally bounded social networks reduces the intention to move away. Thirdly, after controlling for the social network effect the mobility gap between East and West substantially reduces. Low spatial mobility of the eastern population, we conclude, is to an important part attributable to a social capital endowment characteristic to post-communist economies.regional mobility, social capital, East Germany
Permutation Games for the Weakly Aconjunctive -Calculus
We introduce a natural notion of limit-deterministic parity automata and
present a method that uses such automata to construct satisfiability games for
the weakly aconjunctive fragment of the -calculus. To this end we devise a
method that determinizes limit-deterministic parity automata of size with
priorities through limit-deterministic B\"uchi automata to deterministic
parity automata of size and with
priorities. The construction relies on limit-determinism to avoid the full
complexity of the Safra/Piterman-construction by using partial permutations of
states in place of Safra-Trees. By showing that limit-deterministic parity
automata can be used to recognize unsuccessful branches in pre-tableaux for the
weakly aconjunctive -calculus, we obtain satisfiability games of size
with priorities for weakly aconjunctive
input formulas of size and alternation-depth . A prototypical
implementation that employs a tableau-based global caching algorithm to solve
these games on-the-fly shows promising initial results
Fluctuation theorems: Work is not an observable
The characteristic function of the work performed by an external
time-dependent force on a Hamiltonian quantum system is identified with the
time-ordered correlation function of the exponentiated system's Hamiltonian. A
similar expression is obtained for the averaged exponential work which is
related to the free energy difference of equilibrium systems by the Jarzynski
work theorem
Investments in the human capital of the socially disadvantaged children: Effects on redistribution
Recently, early investments in the human capital of children from socially disadvantaged environments have attracted a great deal of attention. Programs of such early intervention, aiming at children's health and well-being, are spreading considerably in the U.S. and are currently tested in several European countries. In a discrete version of the Mirrlees model with a parents' and a children's generation we show the intra-generational and the inter-generational redistributional consequences of such intervention programs. It turns out that the parents' generation always loses when such intervention programs are implemented. Among the children's generation it is the rich who always benefit. Despite the expectation that early intervention puts the poor descendants in a better position, our analysis reveals that the poor among the children's generation may even be worse off if the effect of early intervention on their productivity is not large enough. --Early Intervention,welfare,redistribution,taxation
Strange Particles and Neutron Stars - Experiments at Gsi
Experiments on strangeness production in nucleus-nucleus collisions at SIS
energies address fundamental aspects of modern nuclear physics: the
determination of the nuclear equation-of-state at high baryon densities and the
properties of hadrons in dense nuclear matter. Experimental data and
theoretical results will be reviewed. Future experiments at the FAIR
accelerator aim at the exploration of the QCD phase diagram at highest baryon
densities.Comment: %Invited talk given at the International Invited talk given at the
International Symposium on Heavy Ion Physics (ISHIP 2006) April 3-6 2006,
FIAS, Frankfurt, Germany Frankfurt, German
National economic policy simulations with global interdependencies : a sensitivity analysis for Germany
"Policy simulations for national economies with econometric models in general are done using a stand alone national model with exogenous export values and import prices. In a globalised world such an exercise is critical, since the policy in question may change the export prices and the import volumes of the particular country and induce via international trade a change of the economic activities of the global economy and a feed back to the export values and import prices of the particular country. The paper at hand presents a sensitivity analysis for Germany comparing the impacts of a shock on investment in a stand alone simulation using the multisector model INFORGE with the results, which occur, if the same model is linked to the global multicountry/multisector model GINFORS endogenising Germany's export values and import prices. The results are striking: The effect on real GDP is 50% higher in the global simulation than in the stand alone case. Because of the specialisation in trade the differences on the sector level are even stronger." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))Wirtschaftspolitik, Globalisierung - Auswirkungen, Export, Preisniveau, Importquote, Exportquote, Welthandel, Ăkonometrie - Modell, Bruttoinlandsprodukt, volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung, AuĂenhandelspolitik, AuĂenhandelsentwicklung
Frequency and Phase Synchronization in Stochastic Systems
The phenomenon of frequency and phase synchronization in stochastic systems
requires a revision of concepts originally phrased in the context of purely
deterministic systems. Various definitions of an instantaneous phase are
presented and compared with each other with special attention payed to their
robustness with respect to noise. We review the results of an analytic approach
describing noise-induced phase synchronization in a thermal two-state system.
In this context exact expressions for the mean frequency and the phase
diffusivity are obtained that together determine the average length of locking
episodes. A recently proposed method to quantify frequency synchronization in
noisy potential systems is presented and exemplified by applying it to the
periodically driven noisy harmonic oscillator. Since this method is based on a
threshold crossing rate pioneered by S.O. Rice the related phase velocity is
termed Rice frequency. Finally, we discuss the relation between the phenomenon
of stochastic resonance and noise-enhanced phase coherence by applying the
developed concepts to the periodically driven bistable Kramers oscillator.Comment: to appear in the Chaos focus issue on "Control, communication, and
synchronization in chaotic dynamical systems
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