Details of collar programming and home ranges (MCP) for resident elephants.

<p>Details of collar programming and home ranges (MCP) for resident elephants.</p

Data summary for translocated elephants.

*<p>Elephant broke through electric fence on a park boundary.</p><p>#^‘Holding ground’, which is a specially fenced off portion (25.5 km²) of the park.</p>?<p>No data.</p

Details of collars, programming and use-area (MCP) for the translocated elephants.

<p>Details of collars, programming and use-area (MCP) for the translocated elephants.</p

Threshold Indicator Taxa ANalysis (TITAN).

<p>Landscape variables were used as predictors of threshold changes in individual bird species in 400-m (top panel) and 1-km radius circular areas (bottom panel) between 1986 and 2009 in north-central Virginia and western Maryland. Only indicator taxa (purity ≥ 0.95 and reliability ≥ 0.95) are plotted in increasing order with respect to their observed change point. Solid circles correspond to negative (z-) indicator taxa (with corresponding species labels on the left axes) and open circles correspond to positive (z+) indicator taxa (with corresponding species labels on the right axes). Circles are sized in proportion to z scores. Lines overlapping each circle represent 5 and 95% percentiles among 250 bootstrap replicates. Landscape variables evaluated were (A) forest, (B) exurban development, (C) forest interior, (D) area-weighted averaged patch size, (E) forest fragments, (F) number of forest patches, (G) forest edge, and (H) proximity index. Taxa IDs correspond to the American Ornithologists Union alpha codes for English common names.</p

Hierarchical-model estimates based on Breeding Bird Survey stops for forest and forest- edge species.

<p>American Ornithologists Union alpha codes for English common names are in parenthesis. Trend coefficient represents the slope on a log scale of abundance over time. Values in bold indicate 95% credible intervals.</p

Example relationships between adjusted abundance for species representing the forest and forest-edge groups and selected landscape variables.

<p>Landscape composition (e.g., proportion of forest) and landscape configuration (e.g., proportion of forest fragments) in 400-m radius circular areas are depicted. The line represents non-parametric locally weighted polynomial regression curve (loess).</p

Study region (shaded area).

<p>It includes nine counties in north-central Virginia and two in western Maryland. Circles represent 125 North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) stops that were uniformly selected from routes. Zoom-in window shows example of a landscape within a 1-km radius of a selected survey stop.</p

Post-release orientation (yellow arrows) of translocated elephants relative to capture site (white arrow).

<p>The blue circle denotes the release point for all elephants and red circles the spatial means of GPS locations over the first 10 days post-release for individual elephants. The binomial probability of the number of elephants orienting towards the capture location (left hemisphere) vs away (right hemisphere) was 0.69 (n = 16, p = 0.11, 95% CI 0.44; 0.86).</p

Map of translocations.

<p>Circles indicate capture sites and stars release sites. Different colors denote individual elephants. Green polygons represent protected areas under the Department of Wildlife Conservation.</p

Time series of mean abundance adjusted for missing observations and observer differences.

<p>Lines indicate posterior median (line nearly coincident with the circles) with 95% confidence intervals.</p