Increased Mortality and Morbidity in Patients with Chronic Hypoparathyroidism:A population based study

A population based study was undertaken to determine the mortality and morbidity for people with hypoparathyroidism compared to the general population

Relación filogenética de los Cumacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) y variabilidad genética de dos especies antárticas de la familia Leuconidae

Phylogenetic hypotheses for the peracarid order Cumacea are scarce and have not provided a solution to the full extent. In the present study, a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA was used to erect a phylogenetic hypothesis for three cumacean families, Diastylidae, Bodotriidae and Leuconidae, along with intra-family relationships of the latter. The Cumacea resolved monophyletic with tanaids and isopods as outgroup taxa. The Diastylidae were the only family with good support for monophyly. The genus Leucon resolved paraphyletic, whereas the subgenus Crymoleucon was monophyletic. Furthermore, the genetic structure was analysed for two leuconid species, Leucon antarcticus Zimmer, 1907 and L. intermedius Mühlenhardt-Siegel, 1996, from the Weddell Sea and the Ross Sea. The two species showed different patterns of intraspecific genetic variability. In contrast to L. intermedius, a bimodal distribution of pairwise genetic distances was observed for L. antarcticus, which is correlated with geographical and depth distributions between the Ross Sea and the Weddell Sea. Although a clear evaluation of cryptic speciation in these species requires additional work on more specimens from more geographic regions and broader depth ranges, differences shown in the sequences of 16S rDNA can only be explained by genetic separation of populations between the Weddell Sea and the Ross Sea for an extended period of time.Las hipótesis filogenéticas para los peracáridos del orden Cumacea son escasas y no han proporcionado una solución definitiva. En el presente estudio se utilizó un fragmento del rDNA 16S mitocondrial para formular una hipótesis filogenética para tres familias de cumáceos, Diastylidae, Bodotriidae y Leuconidae. Además se han analizado las relaciones intrafamiliares de esta última. Los cumáceos es un grupo monofilético con tanaidáceos e isópodos como taxones externos. De las tres familias analizadas, los Diastylidae fueron la única con buen apoyo para la monofilia. El género Leucon se resolvió parafilético mientras que el subgénero Crymoleucon fue monofilético. Además, se analizó la estructura genética de dos especies de leucónidos Leucon antarcticus Zimmer, 1907 y L. intermedius Mühlenhardt-Siegel, 1996 del mar de Weddell y el mar de Ross respectivamente. Ambas especies mostraron diferentes patrones de variabilidad genética intraespecífica. A diferencia de L. intermedius, para L. antarcticus se observó una distribución bimodal del mismatch distribution, que se correlaciona con las distribuciones geográficas y de profundidad entre el mar de Ross y el mar de Weddell. Aunque una evaluación clara de la especiación críptica en estas especies requiere trabajo adicional con más especímenes de más regiones geográficas y rangos de profundidad más amplios, las diferencias que se muestran en las secuencias del rDNA 16S solo pueden explicarse por la separación genética de poblaciones entre el mar de Weddell y el mar de Ross durante un período de tiempo prolongad

Design and characterisation of the new CIS115 sensor for JANUS, the high resolution camera on JUICE

JUICE, the Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer, is a European Space Agency L-class mission destined for the Jovian system. Due for launch in 2022, it will begin a science phase after its transit to Jupiter that will include detailed investigations of three of the Galilean moons: Ganymede, Callisto and Europa. JUICE will carry payloads to characterise the Jovian environments, divided into in situ, geophysical and remote sensing packages. A key instrument in the remote sensing package is JANUS, an optical camera operating over a wavelength range of 350 nm to 1064 nm. JANUS will be used to study the external layers of Jupiter’s atmosphere, the ring system and the planetary bodies. To achieve the science goals, resolutions of better than 5 m per pixel are required for the highest resolution observations during the 200 km altitude orbit of Ganymede, whilst the system is operated with a signal to noise ratio of better than 100. Jupiter’s magnetic field is a dominant object in the solar system, trapping electrons and other charged particles leading to the radiation environment around Jupiter being very hostile, especially in the regions closest to Jupiter in the Ganymede orbit. The radiation tolerance of the focal plane detector in JANUS is therefore a major concern and radiation testing is vital to confirm its expected performance after irradiation will meet requirements set by the science goals. JANUS will be using a detector from e2v technologies plc, the CMOS Imaging Sensor 115 (CIS115), which is a device manufactured using 0.18 μm Imaging CMOS Process with a 2000 by 1504 pixel array each 7 μm square. The pixels have a 4T pinned photodiode pixel architecture, and the array is read out through four differential analogue outputs. This paper describes the preliminary characterisation of the CIS115, and results obtained with the CIS107 precursor sensor

Genetic data support independent glacial refugia and open ocean barriers to dispersal for the Southern Ocean sea spider Austropallene cornigera (Möbius, 1902)

The diversity and distribution of Antarctic life has been strongly influenced by climatic events, in particular by large scale extension of ice sheets onto the continental shelf during repeated glacial cycles. It has been suggested that populations of benthic marine biota in the Antarctic were limited to very few refugia because the Antarctic shelf was covered with ice. Using the broadly-distributed pycnogonid Austropallene cornigeraas a model, in this study we tested different hypotheses for possible locations of glacial refugia ( ex situon the peri-Antarctic islands or in situon the Antarctic shelf). We sampled 64 individuals of A. cornigerafrom peri-Antarctic islands, the Weddell Sea and East Antarctica. The phylogeographic structure was analysed using partial sequences of the nuclear ribolomal genes 18S and 28S and the mitochondrial cytochrome coxidase subunit I gene (COI). The 18S and 28S sequences were highly conserved. Sequences of the COI were variable and revealed highest haplotype diversity for populations on the Antarctic shelf and lowest for the population from the remote island of Bouvetøya. In addition, the data showed clear genetic distances between the island and shelf populations. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis of survival in situ. The results also suggest that gene flow within A. cornigerais limited, hinting at possible speciation processes acting independently on the Antarctic continental shelf and the peri-Antarctic islands

Retinal Vascular Measures from Diabetes Retinal Screening Photographs and Risk of Incident Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes:A GoDARTS Study

OBJECTIVE: Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of dementia. Improved prediction of dementia is an important goal in developing future prevention strategies. Diabetic retinopathy screening (DRS) photographs may be a convenient source of imaging biomarkers of brain health. We therefore investigated the association of retinal vascular measures (RVMs) from DRS photographs in patients with type 2 diabetes with dementia risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: RVMs were obtained from 6,111 patients in the GoDARTS bioresource (635 incident cases) using VAMPIRE software. Their association, independent of Apo E4 genotype and clinical parameters, was determined for incident all cause dementia (ACD) and separately Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). We used Cox’s proportional hazards with competing risk of death without dementia. The potential value of RVMs to increase the accuracy of risk prediction was evaluated. RESULTS: Increased retinal arteriolar fractal dimension associated with increased risk of ACD (csHR 1.17; 1.08–1.26) and AD (HR 1.33; 1.16–1.52), whereas increased venular fractal dimension (FDV) was associated with reduced risk of AD (csHR 0.85; 0.74–0.96). Conversely, FDV was associated with increased risk of VD (csHR 1.22; 1.07–1.40). Wider arteriolar calibre was associated with a reduced risk of ACD (csHR 0.9; 0.83–0.98) and wider venular calibre was associated with a reduced risk of AD (csHR 0.87; 0.78–0.97). Accounting for competing risk did not substantially alter these findings. RVMs significantly increased the accuracy of prediction. CONCLUSIONS: Conventional DRS photographs could enhance stratifying patients with diabetes at increased risk of dementia facilitating the development of future prevention strategies

Patients' attitudes and perceptions towards treatment of hypothyroidism in general practice: an in-depth qualitative interview study

Background Suboptimal thyroid hormone replacement is common in patients with hypothyroidism and the behavioural factors underlying this are poorly understood. Aim To explore the attitudes and perceptions of patients to thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Design & setting An in-depth qualitative interview study with patients with hypothyroidism residing in Northumberland, and Tyne and Wear, UK. Method Twenty-seven patients participated, of which 15 patients had thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels within the reference range (0.4–4.0 mU/L) and 12 patients had TSH levels outside the reference range. A grounded theory approach was used to explore and develop emerging themes, which were mapped to the health belief model (HBM). Results Patients generally had a low understanding of their condition or of the consequences of suboptimal thyroid hormone replacement. Patients that had experienced hypothyroid symptoms at initial diagnosis had a better perception of disease susceptibility, and this was reflected in excellent adherence to levothyroxine in this group of patients. The main benefits of optimal thyroid replacement were improved wellbeing and performance. However, patients who remained unwell despite a normal serum TSH level felt that their normal result presented a barrier to further evaluation of their symptoms by their GP

A Longitudinal Study on the Relationship Between Weight Loss, Medical Expenditures, and Absenteeism Among Overweight Employees in the WAY to Health Study

To quantify the extent to which successful weight loss among overweight/obese employees translates into subsequent savings in medical expenditures and absenteeism

Amputation-free survival in 17,353 people at high risk for foot ulceration in diabetes:a national observational study

Acknowledgements Some of the data were presented as an abstract at the Diabetes UK Professional Conference in 2017. Diabetes data for Scotland are available for analysis by members of the Scottish Diabetes Research Network (SDRN) thanks to the hard work and dedication of NHS staff across Scotland who enter the data and people and organisations (the Scottish Care Information –Diabetes Collaboration (SCI-DC) Steering Group, the Scottish Diabetes Group, the Scottish Diabetes Survey Group, the managed clinical network managers and staff in each Health Board) involved in setting up, maintaining and overseeing SCI-DC. The SDRN receives core support from the Chief Scientist’s Office at the Scottish Government Health Department. Members of the Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Group who do not qualify for authorship but who contributed to data collection include R. Lindsay (Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK); J. McKnight (Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK); S. Philip (Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK); Members of the Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Group who do not qualify for authorship but who contributed to data management include L. Blackbourn (Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK); B. Farran (Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK); D. McAllister (Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK); P. McKeigue (Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK); S. Read (Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK).Peer reviewedPublisher PD