A comparison of TCAR, CIR and LAMBDA GNSS ambiguity resolution

With the envisioned introduction of three-carrier GNSS's (modernized GPS, Galileo), new methods of ambiguity resolution have been developed. In this contribution we will compare two important candidate methods for triple-frequency ambiguity resolution with the already existing LAMBDA (Least-squares Ambiguity Decorrelation Adjustment) method; the TCAR (Three-Carrier Ambiguity Resolution) method; and the CIR (Cascading Integer Resolution) method. It will be shown that for their estimation principle, both TCAR and CIR rely on integer bootstrapping, whereas LAMBDA is based on integer least-squares, of which optimality has been proven, that is, highest probability of success. In TCAR and CIR pre-defined ambiguity transformation are used, whereas LAMBDA exploits the information content of the full ambiguity variance-covariance matrix, with statistical decorrelation the objective in constructing the ambiguity transformation. For the aspect of resolving the ambiguities, TCAR and CIR are designed for use with the geometry-free model. LAMBDA can intrinsically handle any GNSS model with integer ambiguities and thereby utilize satellite geometry to its benefit in geometry-based models

Enterprise architecture alignment

An Enterprise Architecture (EA) is an instrument that focuses on coherence between business processes, information distribution, and technology infrastructure of an organization. In practice, we see that architects are not well equipped to manage the interrelationship between architectural business-, information- and technology-aspects in an integrated fashion. EA frameworks are mostly informal by nature, and there is a lack of knowledge and tools to support architects to check alignment formally. Due to the volume and complexity of holistic enterprise spanning architecture, it is increasingly challenging for organizations to maintain overview and coherence of architectural elements. This research enables automated, rule-based monitoring consistency and coherence between elements within an EA. It does so by creating an artifact that provides architects with the capability of monitoring validity within ArchiMate EA models. We validate models against formalized rules specified in Relation Algebra with which coherence can be mathematically proven. We also plot a set of applied rules onto a quality framework that calculates an overall alignment score of an EA model. Every single rule violation that influences the score is explicitly identified. Monitoring EA quality using formalized rules enables organizations to manage and control the process of EA change and thus contributes to Business/IT-alignment

The production of antibody fragments and antibody fusion proteins by yeasts and filamentous fungi

In this review we will focus on the current status and views concerning the production of antibody fragments and antibody fusion proteins by yeasts and filamentous fungi. We will focus on single-chain antibody fragment production (scFv and V(HH)) by these lower eukaryotes and the possible applications of these proteins. Also the coupling of fragments to relevant enzymes or other components will be discussed. As an example of the fusion protein strategy, the 'magic bullet' approach for industrial applications, will be highlighted

Technological aids to the efficient assessment of prior earning

Joosten-ten Brinke, D., Van der Klink, M., Kicken, W., & Sloep, P. B. (2011). Technological aids to the efficient Assessment of Prior Learning. In G. Magoulas (Ed.), E-Infrastructures and technologies for lifelong learning: Next generation environments (pp. 316-336). Hershey: IGI Global.It is generally acknowledged that learning and education plays a prominent part throughout employees’ careers across their entire lifespan. In our era of lifelong learning Assessment of Prior Learning (APL) is a powerful means for enhancing employees’ further professional development and learning, formally and informally. Though there is a growing attention for APL, the procedures, design, development and maintenance of APL remain a quite costly and time-consuming experience. After a description of the background and features of APL, this chapter examines the possibilities for re-using and interoperability by means of e-technologies. The chapter discusses the major components of the APL procedure, including the current possibilities for exchange and operability (e.g. specifications of QTI, IMS). The chapter concludes with a description and validation of an educational model of assessment for APL

Retroviral insertions in Evi12, a novel common virus integration site upstream of Tra1/Grp94, frequently coincide with insertions in the gene encoding the peripheral cannabinoid receptor Cnr2

The common virus integration site (VIS) Evi11 was recently identified within the gene encoding the hematopoietic G-protein-coupled peripheral cannabinoid receptor Cnr2 (also refer

Measurements of interrupter resistance: reference values for children 3-13 yrs of age

The interrupter technique is a convenient and sensitive technique for studying airway function in subjects who cannot actively participate in (forced) ventilatory function tests. Reference values for preschool children exist but are lacking for children >7 yrs. Reference values were obtained for expiratory interrupter resistance (R(int,e)) in 208 healthy Dutch Caucasian children 3-13 yrs of age. A curvilinear relationship between R(int,e) and height was observed, similar to published airways resistance data measured by plethysmography. No significant differences in cross-sectional trend or level of R(int,e) were observed according to sex. It was found that Z-scores could be used to express individual R(int,e) values and to describe intra- and interindividual differences based on the reference equation: 10logR(int,e)=0.645-0.00668x standing height (cm) kPa x L(-1) x s(-1) and residual SD (0.093 kPa x L(-1) x s(-1)). Expiratory interrupter resistance provides a tool for clinical and epidemiological assessment of airway function in a large age range

Математичне програмування

Викладено основи математичного програмування - науки, що займається оптимізаційними методами, які слугують кількісним обґрунтуванням оптимальних управлінських рішень в економіці. Розглянуто основні поняття і методологічні принципи математичного програмування, математичні методи оптимізації (лінійне, дробово-лінійне, цілочислове, нелінійне, динамічне програмування). Матеріал викладено на порівняно елементарному рівні, доступно- му студентам, які знайомі з курсом математики для економістів. Методи, що розглядаються в посібнику, ілюструються великою кількістю прикладів. Посібник має на меті навчити студентів застосовувати математику та обчислювальну техніку для обґрунтування оптимальних економічних рішен