第724回千葉医学会例会・第1内科教室同門会例会 15.

<p>Total annual hookworm-associated anemia cases and hookworm infections with consequent health outcomes, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and costs [median (95% uncertainty interval), in millions] due to hookworm infection by global region and worldwide in 2016 without cognitive impairment using the 2004 disability weight estimates and GNI per capita as a proxy for annual wages.</p

Map of the United States Gulf Coast.

<p>Source: Map created by Jessica Schwartz, The George Washington University; population data obtained from <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000843#pntd.0000843-US1" target="_blank">[32]</a>.</p

Neglected tropical disease cases in five Latin American countries.

<p>*School-aged children.</p>1<p>The data cited here on Nicaragua also appears in a paper under review for a special ICOPA XIII issue of the International Journal for Parasitology: Hotez PJ, Woc-Colburn L, Bottazzi ME. Neglected Tropical Diseases in Central America and Panama: Review of their Prevalence, Populations at Risk, and Impact on Regional Development. Int J Parasitol.</p><p>Neglected tropical disease cases in five Latin American countries.</p

Neglected parasitic infections in the United States.

<p>Features that produce clinical manifestations and sequelae similar to selected noncommunicable diseases.</p><p>Neglected parasitic infections in the United States.</p

New products required or under development for the major NTDs.^a

a<p>List of NTDs modified from <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/static/scope.action" target="_blank">http://www.plosntds.org/static/scope.action</a>.</p><p>+, New product needed or under development; −, new product not required or need not yet determined, based on information compiled from <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001133#pntd.0001133-Hotez3" target="_blank">[6]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001133#pntd.0001133-Moran1" target="_blank">[9]</a>, and the additional opinions of the author.</p

The poor living among the wealthy.

<p>Major areas of poverty in the G20 nations and Nigeria, where most of the world's NTDs occur (map prepared by Esther Inman). Figure originally appeared in “The Disease Next Door” by Peter Hotez, <i>Foreign Policy</i>, March 25, 2013, <a href="http://www.foreignpolicy.com" target="_blank">www.foreignpolicy.com</a>. Information for Europe from Hotez PJ, Gurwith M. 2011. Europe's neglected infections of poverty. Int J Infect Dis 15: e611–9. Information for US and Mexico from Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Dumonteil E, Valenzuela JG, et al. 2012. Texas and Mexico: sharing a legacy of poverty and neglected tropical diseases. PLOS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1497; Hotez PJ. 2012. Fighting neglected tropical diseases in the southern United States. BMJ 345: e6112; Hotez PJ. 2011. America's most distressed areas and their neglected infections: the United States Gulf Coast and the District of Columbia. PLOS Negl Trop Dis 5: e843; <a href="http://geo-mexico.com/?tag=economics&paged=2" target="_blank">http://geo-mexico.com/?tag=economics&paged=2</a> accessed December 26, 2012; and <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0000256" target="_blank">http://www.plosntds.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0000256</a>, accessed December 26, 2012. Information for India from <a href="http://mapsofindia.com/maps/india/poverty.html" target="_blank">http://mapsofindia.com/maps/india/poverty.html</a>, accessed December 25, 2012. Information for China from Hotez PJ. 2012. Engaging a rising China through neglected tropical diseases. PLOS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1599. Information for Brazil from <a href="http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/LACEXT/EXTLACREGTOPPOVANA/0,,contentMDK:22416581~pagePK:34004173~piPK:34003707~theSitePK:841175,00.html" target="_blank">http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/LACEXT/EXTLACREGTOPPOVANA/0,,contentMDK:22416581~pagePK:34004173~piPK:34003707~theSitePK:841175,00.html</a>, accessed December 26, 2012; Information for Indonesia from <a href="http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/povmap-small-area-estimates-poverty-inequality/maps/5" target="_blank">http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/povmap-small-area-estimates-poverty-inequality/maps/5</a>, accessed December 26, 2012. Information for South Africa from <a href="http://www.cepf.net/where_we_work/regions/africa/maputaland/ecosystem_profile/Pages/socioeconomic_context.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.cepf.net/where_we_work/regions/africa/maputaland/ecosystem_profile/Pages/socioeconomic_context.aspx</a>, accessed December 26, 2012. Information for Australia from <a href="http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs.nsf/Latestproducts/1362.7Feature%20Article1Mar%202011?opendocument" target="_blank">http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs.nsf/Latestproducts/1362.7Feature%20Article1Mar%202011?opendocument</a>, accessed December 31, 2012. Information for Gran Chaco region of Argentina from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GranChacoApproximate.jpg" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GranChacoApproximate.jpg</a>, accessed January 4, 2013.</p

Comparison of NTD Prevalence and Incidence Rates between Selected Minority Populations in the United Sates and in Selected Developing Countries.

<p>Comparison of NTD Prevalence and Incidence Rates between Selected Minority Populations in the United Sates and in Selected Developing Countries.</p

The major neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).^a

<p>^aThe MENA region typically includes the following countries: Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, West Bank and Gaza, and Yemen.</p><p>The major neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003852#t001fn001" target="_blank">^a</a></p

Global urbanization map showing the percentage of urbanization by country in 2006.

<p>Public domain image available here: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Urbanized_population_2006.png" target="_blank">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Urbanized_population_2006.png</a>.</p

US Accredited Public Health Schools Founded before 1970 with Academic Departments Devoted to Infectious and Tropical Diseases.

<p>Of the 15 accredited US public health schools, 11 host departments in this area.</p