92 research outputs found
Dislocation transport and line length increase in averaged descriptions of dislocations
Crystal plasticity is the result of the motion and interaction of
dislocations. There is, however, still a major gap between microscopic and
mesoscopic simulations and continuum crystal plasticity models. Only recently a
higher dimensional dislocation density tensor was defined which overcomes some
drawbacks of earlier dislocation density measures. The evolution equation for
this tensor can be considered as a continuum version of dislocation dynamics.
We use this evolution equation to develop evolution equations for the total
dislocation density and an average curvature which together govern a faithful
representation of the dislocation kinematics without having to use extra
dimensions
Screened empirical bond-order potentials for Si-C
Typical empirical bond-order potentials are short ranged and give ductile
instead of brittle behavior for materials such as crystalline silicon or
diamond. Screening functions can be used to increase the range of these
potentials. We outline a general procedure to combine screening functions with
bond-order potentials that does not require to refit any of the potential's
properties. We use this approach to modify Tersoff's [Phys. Rev. B 39, 5566
(1989)], Erhart & Albe's [Phys. Rev. B 71, 35211 (2005)] and Kumagai et al.'s
[Comp. Mater. Sci. 39, 457 (2007)] Si, C and Si-C potentials. The resulting
potential formulations correctly reproduce brittle materials response, and give
an improved description of amorphous phases
Stress correlations of dislocations in a double-pileup configuration: a continuum dislocation density approach – complas XII
Dislocation motion in the crystal lattice of materials is the basis for macroscopic plasticity. While continuum models for describing the role of dislocations in plasticity have existed for decades, only recently have the mathematical tools become available to describe ensembles of moving, oriented lines. These tools have allowed for the creation of a Continuum Dislocation Dynamics (CDD) theory describing a second-order dislocation density tensor, a higher order analog of the classical dislocation density tensor, and its evolution in time. In order to reduce the computational complexity of the theory, a simplified theory has also been developed, which more readily allows for a numerical implementation, useful for describing larger systems of dislocations. In order to construct a self-consistent implementation, several issues have to be resolved including calculation of the stress field of a system of dislocations, coarse graining, and boundary values. The present work deals with the implementation including treatment of the near- and far-field stresses caused by the dislocation density tensor as well as boundary value considerations. The implementation is then applied to a few simple benchmark problems, notably the double pileup of dislocations in 1D. Applications to more general problems are considered, as well as comparisons with analytical solutions to classical dislocation problems. Focus is placed on problems where analytical solutions as well as simulations of discrete dislocations are known which act, along with experimental results, as the basis of comparison to determine the validity of the results
Influence of Interstitial Oxygen on the Tribology of Ti6Al4V
Titanium alloys are used for their good mechanical and corrosion properties, but generally experience poor wear behavior. This can effectively be counteracted by a thermal oxidation treatment, reducing wear significantly. Employing a special sample preparation, we study the transition of tribological properties between thermally oxidized and bulk Ti6Al4V on a single sample. While oxygen signal intensity and hardness followed an exponential decay from the surface to bulk material, tribological results showed a step-like transition from low to high friction and wear with increasing distance from the surface. Low wear was associated with minor abrasive marks, whereas high wear showed as severe adhesive material transfer onto the steel counter body. Besides the mechanical property of hardness, also a change in fracture behavior by interstitial oxygen could influence the observed tribological behavior
Atomistically enabled nonsingular anisotropic elastic representation of near-core dislocation stress fields in -iron
The stress fields of dislocations predicted by classical elasticity are known
to be unrealistically large approaching the dislocation core, due to the
singular nature of the theory. While in many cases this is remedied with the
approximation of an effective core radius, inside which ad hoc regularizations
are implemented, such approximations lead to a compromise in the accuracy of
the calculations. In this work, an anisotropic non-singular elastic
representation of dislocation fields is developed to accurately represent the
near-core stresses of dislocations in -iron. The regularized stress
field is enabled through the use of a non-singular Green's tensor function of
Helmholtz-type gradient anisotropic elasticity, which requires only a single
characteristic length parameter in addition to the material's elastic
constants. Using a novel magnetic bond-order potential to model atomic
interactions in iron, molecular statics calculations are performed, and an
optimization procedure is developed to extract the required length parameter.
Results show the method can accurately replicate the magnitude and decay of the
near-core dislocation stresses even for atoms belonging to the core itself.
Comparisons with the singular isotropic and anisotropic theories show the
non-singular anisotropic theory leads to a substantially more accurate
representation of the stresses of both screw and edge dislocations near the
core, in some cases showing improvements in accuracy of up to an order of
magnitude. The spatial extent of the region in which the singular and
non-singular stress differ substantially is also discussed. The general
procedure we describe may in principle be applied to accurately model the
near-core dislocation stresses of any arbitrarily shaped dislocation in
anisotropic cubic media.Comment: Appearing in Phys. Rev.
Calibrating a fiber–matrix interface failure model to single fiber push-out tests and numerical simulations
To characterize the fiber–matrix interface of a glass-fiber reinforced sheet molding compound (SMC), single-fiber push-out tests are performed and simulated numerically. The parameters of a cohesive zone model for the interface are calibrated on the single-fiber push-out tests. The fracture-toughness/energy release rate therein is determined from cyclic (loading–unloading) experiments. The matrix model, consisting of the nonlinear-elastic Neo-Hooke law with a Prony series to model viscoelastic behavior, is calibrated with data from nanoindentation tests by adjusting simulation curves to their experimental counterparts. Using the calibrated model of the single-fiber push-out, the influence of neighboring fibers and thermally induced residual stresses is shown. The interface damage initiates in the single-fiber push-out test at the indented fiber at positions closest to other fibers under the surface. In addition this is the position where the radially largest fiber expansion due to the Poisson effect is found. The results reveal that although the push-out test is simple to perform, the interpretation of its results might be a complicated task
Sound waves, diffusive transport, and wall slip in nanoconfined compressible fluids
Although continuum theories have been proven quite robust to describe
confined fluid flow at molecular length scales, molecular dynamics (MD)
simulations reveal mechanistic insights into the interfacial dissipation
processes. Most MD simulations of confined fluids have used setups in which the
lateral box size is not much larger than the gap height, thus breaking
thin-film assumptions usually employed in continuum simulations. Here, we
explicitly probe the long wavelength hydrodynamic correlations in confined
simple fluids with MD and compare to gap-averaged continuum theories as
typically applied in e.g. lubrication. Relaxation times obtained from
equilibrium fluctuations interpolate between the theoretical limits from bulk
hydrodynamics and continuum formulations with increasing wavelength. We show
how to exploit this characteristic transition to measure viscosity and slip
length in confined systems simultaneously from equilibrium MD simulations.
Moreover, the gap-averaged theory describes a geometry-induced dispersion
relation that leads to overdamped sound relaxation at large wavelengths, which
is confirmed by our MD simulations. Our results add to the understanding of
transport processes under strong confinement and might be of technological
relevance for the design of nanofluidic devices due to the recent progress in
fabrication methods.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figure
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