Unity in Identity, Disunity in Execution: Expressions of French National Identity at the 1937 Paris World’s Fair

The 1937 Paris World’s Fair was a celebration of “peace” and “progress” at time when the continent was about to descend into total war. In this era of feuding ideologies and hyper-competitive nationalism, France’s attempt to project an idealized national identity fell scattered. A closer examination of three examples of French architecture—the Palais de Chaillot, the Regional Pavilions, and the Pavilion de Temps Nouveaux—illustrate that this idealized portrayal of unity was undermined by the execution of the buildings themselves. The result was a much more accurate picture of the country during the inter-war period

Unity in Identity, Disunity in Execution: Expressions of French National Identity at the 1937 Paris World\u27s Fair

France, the world would eagerly await the latest rendition of the annual World’s Fair, a massive celebration which basked in the rapid advancements that signaled the transition into modernity. The event would tout the cultural, national, and technological advents of each participating country, but would importantly While each visiting country was commissioned a limited space to construct its own national pavilion, France, as the host country, was not limited to a single expression or parcel of real estate. Instead, French fair planners constructed multiple pavilions not only for every region, but also for “every conceivable French trade and industry,”1 thereby raising an important question: how could France project a single, unified image of national identity amidst the seemingly infinite number of possibilities? By examining three examples of French architecture at the Fair—the Palais de Chaillot, the Regional Pavilions, and the Pavilion de Temps Nouveaux—a consistent theme emerges: the idealized intentions of the architects and planners were significantly undermined by the execution of each building. As a result, France projected an image of itself that was far more authentic: a scattered, diverse country still unsure of its identity during the inter-war period

The Bull's-Eye Effect as a Probe of Ω\Omega

We compare the statistical properties of structures normal and transverse to the line of sight which appear in theoretical N-body simulations of structure formation, and seem also to be present in observational data from redshift surveys. We present a statistic which can quantify this effect in a conceptually different way from standard analyses of distortions of the power-spectrum or correlation function. From tests with $N$--body experiments, we argue that this statistic represents a new and potentially powerful diagnostic of the cosmological density parameter, $\Omega_0$.Comment: Minor revisions; final version accepted for publication in ApJ Letters. Latex, 16 pages, including 3 figures. Higher resolution versions of figures, including supplementary figures not included in the manuscript, are available at: ftp://kusmos.phsx.ukans.edu/preprints/melott/omeg

Self-directed community aged care for people with complex needs: a literature review

This report critically reviews the literature on older care recipient‐directed care arrangements in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia and highlights the importance to distinguish between Cash‐for‐Care and Self‐Directed Care schemes. Cash‐for‐ Care schemes typically involve the handing out of cash payments or vouchers to enable care recipients to purchase their own care instead of receiving in‐kind help at home. Ideally, Self‐Directed Care programs, on the other hand, are more holistic, care outcome focused and allow participants to choose among a continuum of care ranging from traditional case management approaches to cash options. Most of the reviewed literature focuses on Cash‐for‐Care schemes. However, as the more recent research suggests, Cash‐for‐Care programs may not provide the kind of choice that resonates with the preferences of many older people. Indeed, with the exception of Cash‐for‐Care schemes in California and Washington, programs were primarily aimed at and designed for people with disabilities. Most research indicates that Cash‐for‐Care programs generate either similar or better outcomes, especially in the domains of service satisfaction and self‐determination, with marginal detectable increase in risk, when compared with traditional agency‐directed services. Yet, the research also indicates that positive outcomes are directly linked to appropriate user supports. Care recipients who hire family members as carers derive extra benefit in terms of safety and service satisfaction

Barcelona Plays: A Collection of New Works by Catalan Playwrights

Barcelona’s theater has experienced a remarkable renaissance in the years since the end of the Franco dictatorship. Soon the Catalan language, suppressed for more than three decades, became a vehicle of expression for new playwrights who challenged performance groups. This collection represents outstanding Catalan playwrights from three generations.https://scholarship.richmond.edu/bookshelf/1163/thumbnail.jp

A Unified Picture of the FIP and Inverse FIP Effects

We discuss models for coronal abundance anomalies observed in the coronae of the sun and other late-type stars following a scenario first introduced by Schwadron, Fisk & Zurbuchen of the interaction of waves at loop footpoints with the partially neutral gas. Instead of considering wave heating of ions in this location, we explore the effects on the upper chromospheric plasma of the wave ponderomotive forces. These can arise as upward propagating waves from the chromosphere transmit or reflect upon reaching the chromosphere-corona boundary, and are in large part determined by the properties of the coronal loop above. Our scenario has the advantage that for realistic wave energy densities, both positive and negative changes in the abundance of ionized species compared to neutrals can result, allowing both FIP and Inverse FIP effects to come out of the model. We discuss how variations in model parameters can account for essentially all of the abundance anomalies observed in solar spectra. Expected variations with stellar spectral type are also qualitatively consistent with observations of the FIP effect in stellar coronae.Comment: 25 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Ap