9,456 research outputs found
False-alarm probability in relation to over-sampled power spectra, with application to Super-Kamiokande solar neutrino data
The term "false-alarm probability" denotes the probability that at least one
out of M independent power values in a prescribed search band of a power
spectrum computed from a white-noise time series is expected to be as large as
or larger than a given value. The usual formula is based on the assumption that
powers are distributed exponentially, as one expects for power measurements of
normally distributed random noise. However, in practice one typically examines
peaks in an over-sampled power spectrum. It is therefore more appropriate to
compare the strength of a particular peak with the distribution of peaks in
over-sampled power spectra derived from normally distributed random noise. We
show that this leads to a formula for the false-alarm probability that is more
conservative than the familiar formula. We also show how to combine these
results with a Bayesian method for estimating the probability of the null
hypothesis (that there is no oscillation in the time series), and we discuss as
an example the application of these procedures to Super-Kamiokande solar
neutrino data
Spent-beam refocusing analysis and multistage depressed collector design for a 75-W, 59- to 64-GHz coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube
A computational design technique for coupled-cavity tubes (TWTs) equipped with spent-beam refocusers (SBRs) and multistage depressed collectors (MDCs) is described. A large-signal multidimensional computer program was used to analyze the TWT-SBR performance and to generate the spent-beam models used for MDC design. The results of a design involving a 75-W, 59 to 64 GHz TWT are presented. The SBR and MDC designs are shown, and the computed TWT, SBR, and MDC performances are described. Collector efficiencies in excess of 94 percent led to projected overall TWT efficiencies in the 40-percent range
Early Onset of Kinetic Roughening due to a Finite Step Width in Hematin Crystallization
The structure of the interface of a growing crystal with its nutrient phase largely determines the growth dynamics. We demonstrate that hematin crystals, crucial for the survival of malaria parasites, transition from faceted to rough growth interfaces at increasing thermodynamic supersaturation Δμ. Contrary to theoretical predictions and previous observations, this transition occurs at moderate values of Δμ. Moreover, surface roughness varies nonmonotonically with Δμ, and the rate constant for rough growth is slower than that resulting from nucleation and spreading of layers. We attribute these unexpected behaviors to the dynamics of step growth dominated by surface diffusion and the loss of identity of nuclei separated by less than the step width w. We put forth a general criterion for the onset of kinetic roughening using w as a critical length scale.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 1R21AI126215-01)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant DMR-1710354)United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NNX14AD68G)United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NNX14AE79G)Robert A. Welch Foundation (Grant E-1794
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