Antibody titer characteristics for the <i>Ov</i> antigens.

<p><i>P</i>^a –For the comparisons between the antibody titers in the <i>Ov</i>-infected sera with each of the other sera groups by Mann Whitney U test.</p>*<p>AUC-area under the receiver operator curve was used as a global index of diagnostic accuracy <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000438#pntd.0000438-Mumford1" target="_blank">[29]</a>,<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000438#pntd.0000438-Zhou1" target="_blank">[30]</a>.</p

Patient population for serologic studies.

*<p>Negative for daytime microfilariae of <i>Loa loa</i> and negative for <i>W. bancrofti</i> circulating filarial antigen.</p

A four <i>Ov</i> antigen panel used in the standard 2 hour or QLIPS format shows 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity.

<p>Each symbol represents individual samples from the 38 <i>Ov</i>-infected, 90 <i>Wb</i>, 90 <i>Ll</i>, 27 <i>Ss</i>, 72 control uninfected samples and 12 other control patients. These LIPS tests were either evaluated as a mixture in the standard format (A) or with QLIPS (B). As shown, both tests showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in distinguishing the uninfected from the <i>Ov</i>-infected sera. The diagnostic performance related to cross-reactivity with other filarial infections was also evaluated. As described in the text, the long solid line represents the cut-off level corresponding to 100% sensitivity, while the long stippled line corresponds to the cut-off for 100% specificity with sera from the <i>Wb</i> cohort.</p

Correlation of antibody titers between the four <i>Ov</i> antigens with the 38 <i>Ov</i>-infected sera.

*<p><i>P</i><0.05 (significant).</p

LIPS detection of antibodies to 4 different <i>Ov</i> antigens.

<p>Each symbol represents individual samples from the 38 <i>Ov</i>-infected, 90 <i>Wb</i>, 90 <i>Ll</i>, 27 <i>Ss</i>, 72 control uninfected samples and 12 other control patients. Antibody levels in LU are plotted on the Y-axis using a log₁₀ scale and short solid horizontal lines indicate the geometric mean titer (GMT) for each antibody per group. The diagnostic performance related to cross-reactivity with other filarial infections was also evaluated. As described in the text, the long solid line represents the cut-off level corresponding to 100% sensitivity, while the long stippled line corresponds to the cut-off for 100% specificity with sera from the <i>Wb</i> cohort.</p

Heat map representation of patient antibody profiles to the 4 <i>Ov</i> antigens.

<p>The antibody levels for each serum were log₁₀ transformed and then the levels were color-coded as indicated by the log₁₀ scale on the left, in which signal intensities range from red to green indicating high (red) and low (green) titers. The samples were rank ordered from highest to lowest based on the sum of the antibody titers to the 4 antigen panel. The samples on the left are from uninfected, while the samples on the right are <i>Ov</i>-infected sera.</p

Sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio for the four-antigen mixture determined by LIPS and QLIPS.

<p>Sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio for the four-antigen mixture determined by LIPS and QLIPS.</p

Lack of autoantibodies against IFN-α, IL-2, HLA-DR, and λ-LC in HIV-infected subjects.

<p>Autoantibody levels in LU as determined by LIPS are shown for (A) IFN-α, (B) IL-2, (C) HLA-DR, and (D) λ-LC on the y-axis using a log₁₀ scale. The LU value for each of the positive control antibodies (closed squares) used to validate the assays is shown in its respective plot. The dotted line represents the cut-off value for determining seropositivity.</p

Proposed cellular targets of molecular mimicry in HIV subjects.

<p>Proposed cellular targets of molecular mimicry in HIV subjects.</p

Antibody responses to HIV proteins.

<p>LIPS was used to detect antibodies against four HIV proteins in eight healthy controls (HC), HIV-infected subjects before ART (n = 60), and after ART (n = 27). The level of antibody (in LU) against the HIV proteins p24 (A), p17 (B), gp41 (C), and RT (D) is plotted on the y-axis using a log₁₀ scale. Each symbol in the graph represents one sample from one subject. The horizontal line represents the median LU value in each group. Statistically significant differences were calculated with the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test and only statistically significant values are shown.</p