Microorganisms grown from positive blood cultures.

*<p>Considered as contaminant. Number between () indicates number of cultures positive with this pathogen.</p

Comparison of performance characteristics of the biomarkers and combinations in predicting bacteremia using different cut-off values.

<p>Abbreviations, PPV: positive predictive value, NPV: negative predictive value, NLCR: neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio, suPAR: soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, PCT: procalcitonin. The 7 patients with contaminated blood cultures were excluded from analyses.</p

Flow cytometric analysis of activated CD4⁺ T-cells (top) and activated CD8⁺ T-cells (bottom) in the acute (left) and subacute phase (right) in one Legionnaires’ disease patient.

<p>Activated T-cells are defined as CD38+ and HLA-DR+ double positive cells and located in the upper right quadrants of each dot plot. The numbers represent the percentage of cells in the upper right quadrant.</p

Data of study population and results for C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR).

<p>Median and range, mean and standard deviation (SD) are displayed. <i>p-</i>value less than 0.05 is statistically significant (Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test), area under curve (AUC) is linked to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0087315#pone-0087315-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>. The 7 patients with contaminated blood cultures were excluded from analyses.</p

Receiver operating characteristic curves of four biomarkers for differentiating bacteremia from non-bacteremia.

<p>C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR), procalcitonin and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) are compared in respect to prediction of positive blood culture.</p

Baseline characteristics upon hospitalization of Legionnaires’ disease patients (n = 8).

<p>NA, not applicable; M, male, F, female; Temp, temperature (C) upon presentation to the ED; CRP, C-reactive protein (mg/l); WBC, white blood cell (10⁹/l); lymphocyte count expressed as 10⁹/l; X-ray, chest radiography results upon presentation to the ED; AB, adequate antibiotics within 12 hours after presentation; Duration of symptoms before ED presentation, ICU, Intensive Care Unit admission, LOS, length of stay.</p

CRP levels, WBC counts, absolute neutrophil -, absolute lymphocyte - and lymphocyte subpopulation counts in the acute and subacute phase of Legionnares’ disease (n = 8) and in age and gender matched healthy controls (n = 8).

<p>NA, not applicable; LD, Legionnaires’ disease; CRP, C-reactive protein (mg/l); WBC, white blood cell (10⁹/l); absolute neutrophil count expressed as 10⁹/l; NK, natural killer; absolute lymphocyte count expressed as 10⁹/l; lymphocyte subpopulation counts expressed as 10⁶/l; all data presented as median and range; *p-value Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests for differences in CRP levels, WBC counts, absolute neutrophil, absolute lymphocyte and lymphocyte subpopulation counts between the acute and subacute phase of LD; <b>^#</b>p-value Mann Whitney U tests for differences between the subacute phase of LD and healthy controls.</p

Relative expansion of lymphocyte subpopulations in the subacute phase compared to the acute phase of Legionnaires’ disease.

<p>RE, relative expansion: relative decrease or increase of the different absolute lymphocyte subpopulation counts in the acute versus the subacute phase compared to the relative increase of the absolute lymphocyte count in the same period; all data presented as mean and standard deviation; NK, natural killer cells; *Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests, significant difference p-value <0.05.</p

Baseline characteristics upon presentation at the Emergency Department (n = 395).

<p>COPD, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) was classified using the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease classification (GOLD), Hepatic means liver disease related to malignancy, hepatitis, auto-immune liver disease and/or alcoholic liver disease, cardiac means heart disease related to acute coronary syndrome (cardiovascular disease), valvular disease and/or heart failure, renal means renal disease including current renal replacement therapy, cerebrovascular means cerebrovascular disease; n, number; ICU, intensive care unit; data are presented as number (percentage) of patients.</p