Characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among nonsmokers compared with those in smokers.

<p>Characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among nonsmokers compared with those in smokers.</p

Prevalence of COPD (GOLD I and higher COPD) by gender and age groups.

<p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; GOLD I: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Stage I COPD; *: p<0.01, Significant difference between male and female according to age.</p

Population characteristics for smokers and nonsmokers.

<p>Population characteristics for smokers and nonsmokers.</p

Population characteristics of male smokers and nonsmokers.

<p>COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; GOLD I: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Grade I COPD; GOLD II: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Grade II COPD.</p

Population characteristics of female smokers and nonsmokers.

<p>COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; GOLD I: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Grade I COPD; GOLD II: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Grade II COPD.</p

Independent predictors of GOLD stage I+ COPD in nonsmokers: Multivariate logistic model.

<p>Independent predictors of GOLD stage I+ COPD in nonsmokers: Multivariate logistic model.</p

Respiratory symptoms, co-morbidity, family history of obstructive airway disease, health care consumption and previous physician diagnosis of airway disease in nonsmokers with and without non-reversible airway obstruction.

<p>Respiratory symptoms, co-morbidity, family history of obstructive airway disease, health care consumption and previous physician diagnosis of airway disease in nonsmokers with and without non-reversible airway obstruction.</p

Prevalence (%) of COPD in smokers and nonsmokers respectively by disease severity.

<p>COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; GOLD I: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Stage I COPD; *: p<0.01, Significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers.</p

Smoking.

<p>Smoking.</p

Forms with returned errors.

<p>Forms with returned errors.</p