Analyzing and Mapping Sweat Metabolomics by High-Resolution NMR Spectroscopy

The content of human sweat is studied by high-resolution NMR, and the majority of organic components most often found in sweat of conditionally healthy people are identified. Original and simple tools are designed for sweat sampling from different areas of human body. The minimal surface area needed for sampling is in the range of 50–100 cm2. On all the surface parts of the human body examined in this work, the main constituents forming a sweat metabolic profile are lactate, glycerol, pyruvate, and serine. The only exception is the sole of the foot (planta pedis), where trace amounts of glycerol are found. An attempt is made to explain the presence of specified metabolites and their possible origin

“In-plant” NMR: Analysis of the Intact Plant Vesicularia dubyana by High Resolution NMR Spectroscopy

We present here the concept of “in-plant” NMR and show that high-resolution NMR spectroscopy is suitable for the analysis of intact plants and can be used to follow the changes in the intraorganismal molecular composition over long time periods. The NMR-based analysis of the effect of different concentrations of heavy water on the aquatic plant Vesicularia dubyana revealed that due to the presence of specific adaptive mechanisms this plant can sustain the presence of up to 85% of D2O. However, it dies in 100% heavy water

Looking at Microbial Metabolism by High-resolution (2)H-NMR Spectroscopy

We analyzed the applicability of high-resolution (2)H-HMR spectroscopy for the analysis of microbe metabolism in samples of mitochondrion isolated from rat liver and from aqueous extracts of homogenates of rat liver and other organs and tissues in the presence of high D2O contents. Such analysis is possible due to the fast microbe adaptation to life in the heavy water. It is also shown that some enzymatic processes typical for the intact cells are preserved in the homogenized tissue preparations. The microbial and cellular metabolic processes can be differentiated via the strategic use of cell poisons and antibiotics

¹⁴N-NMR spectrum of human sweat from forehead (male).

<p>¹⁴N-NMR spectrum of human sweat from forehead (male).</p

Special tools for sweat collection - glass roller and the holder (A) and special pipette with reverse capillary (B).

<p>Special tools for sweat collection - glass roller and the holder (A) and special pipette with reverse capillary (B).</p

¹H-NMR spectrum of sweat from child back (A) and male sole of foot (B).

<p>In contrast to spectra of sweat from human back and forehead (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0028824#pone-0028824-g001" target="_blank">Figs. 1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0028824#pone-0028824-g002" target="_blank">2</a>), the observed signal of glycerol in the 3.5–3.8 ppm region of NMR spectra was very weak.</p

Chemical shifts of ¹H NMR and concentrations of metabolites revealed in human sweat.

<p>*Concentrations of urea and ammonia were determined from ¹⁴N NMR spectra, trace- trace amount suffuicient for the component identification only.</p>a,b<p>samples were taken at different times from the forehead of the same 60 years old male donor.</p

¹H-NMR spectrum of human sweat from forehead (male).

<p>¹H-NMR spectrum of human sweat from forehead (male).</p

¹H-NMR spectrum of sweat from human back, «sugar region» is highlighted (male).

<p>¹H-NMR spectrum of sweat from human back, «sugar region» is highlighted (male).</p