6,753 research outputs found
Can Child Care Policy Encourage Employment and Fertility?: Evidence from a Structural Model
In this paper we develop a structural model of female employment and fertility which accounts for intertemporal feedback effects between the two outcomes. We identify the effect of financial incentives on the employment and fertility decision by exploiting variation in the tax and transfer system which differs by employment state and number of children. To this end we simulate in detail the effects of the tax and transfer system including child care costs. The model provides estimates of structural preferences of women which can be used to study the effect of various policy reforms. In particular, we show that increasing child care subsidies conditional on employment increases labor supply of all women as well as fertility of the childless and highly educated women.Employment, fertility, financial incentives
Can child care policy encourage employment and fertility? Evidence from a structural model
In this paper we develop a structural model of female employment and fertility which accounts for intertemporal feedback effects between the two outcomes. We identify the effect of financial incentives on the employment and fertility decision by exploiting variation in the tax and transfer system which differs by employment state and number of children. To this end we simulate in detail the effects of the tax and transfer system including child care costs. The model provides estimates of structural preferences of women which can be used to study the effect of various policy reforms. In particular, we show that increasing child care subsidies conditional on employment increases labor supply of all women as well as fertility of the childless and highly educated women.employment, fertility
Optimal Taxation: The Design of Child Related Cash- and In-Kind-Benefits
This paper contributes to the debate about the optimal design of tax-transfer systems. Based on the theory of optimal taxation, combined with microsimulation and microeconometric techniques we derive the welfare function which makes the current German tax and transfer system for single women optimal. Furthermore, we compare the welfare function conditional on the presence and age of children and asses how reforms of in-kind childcare transfers would affect the welfare function. This analysis allows us to derive conclusions about the optimal design of child related transfers and in-kind benefits.Optimal taxation, labor supply behavior, transfers for children
Can Child Care Policy Encourage Employment and Fertility? Evidence from a Structural Model
In this paper we develop a structural model of female employment and fertility which accounts for intertemporal feedback effects between the two outcomes. We identify the effect of financial incentives on the employment and fertility decision by exploiting variation in the tax and transfer system which differs by employment state and number of children. To this end we simulate in detail the effects of the tax and transfer system including child care costs. The model provides estimates of structural preferences of women which can be used to study the effect of various policy reforms. In particular, we show that increasing child care subsidies conditional on employment increases labor supply of all women as well as fertility of the childless and highly educated women.employment, fertility, financial incentives
Optimal Taxation: The Design of Child Related Cash- and In-Kind-Benefits
This paper contributes to the debate about the optimal design of tax-transfer systems. Based on the theory of optimal taxation, combined with microsimulation and microeconometric techniques we derive the welfare function which makes the current German tax and transfer system for single women optimal. Furthermore, we compare the welfare function conditional on the presence and age of children and assess how reforms of in-kind childcare transfers would affect the welfare function. This analysis allows us to derive conclusions about the optimal design of child related transfers and in-kind benefits.Optimal taxation, labor supply behavior, transfers for children
Precise Deviations Results for the Maxima of Some Determinantal Point Processes: the Upper Tail
We prove precise deviations results in the sense of Cram\'er and Petrov for
the upper tail of the distribution of the maximal value for a special class of
determinantal point processes that play an important role in random matrix
theory. Here we cover all three regimes of moderate, large and superlarge
deviations for which we determine the leading order description of the tail
probabilities. As a corollary of our results we identify the region within the
regime of moderate deviations for which the limiting Tracy-Widom law still
predicts the correct leading order behavior. Our proofs use that the
determinantal point process is given by the Christoffel-Darboux kernel for an
associated family of orthogonal polynomials. The necessary asymptotic
information on this kernel has mostly been obtained in [Kriecherbauer T.,
Schubert K., Sch\"uler K., Venker M., Markov Process. Related Fields 21 (2015),
639-694]. In the superlarge regime these results of do not suffice and we put
stronger assumptions on the point processes. The results of the present paper
and the relevant parts of [Kriecherbauer T., Schubert K., Sch\"uler K., Venker
M., Markov Process. Related Fields 21 (2015), 639-694] have been proved in the
dissertation [Sch\"uler K., Ph.D. Thesis, Universit\"at Bayreuth, 2015].Comment: 18 page
The Bigger the Children, the Bigger the Worries: Are Preschoolers and Adolescents Affected Differently by Family Instability with Regard to Non-cognitive Skills?
Substantial research on the relationship between family structures and child outcomes represents a considerable part of the literature. However, family structure provides a rather static view of the relationship of children's living arrangements and their well-being, revealing hardly anything about the stability of a family for a longer period. This paper focuses on the impact of family instability on children. In light of human capital accumulation, we hypothesize that a stable family (either a two parent or a single parent family) might be beneficial for child outcomes, in particular for non-cognitive skills. We use skills, such as socio-emotional behavior or locus of control, as our primary measure of child outcomes. The paper focuses on the potential impact of family instability occurring at different childhood stages on non-cognitive skills of preschoolers (aged five to six) and of adolescents (aged seventeen). Our analysis is based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP). Family instability is defined by yearly observed maternal partnership variations. Our results suggest that differences in family stability account for some of the gradient in social-behavioral difficulties for preschool children. By using sibling differences for our adolescents' sample, we find that multiple partnership transitions experienced early in life are negatively correlated with non-cognitive skills in adolescence, e.g., such adolescents are less likely to be active or self-determined in life.Child development, family dynamics, locus of control, non-cognitive skills
Early food production in the Sahel of Burkina Faso
This paper is concerned with the transition from hunting and gathering to food production in West Africa, based on evidence from the Sahel Zone of Burkina Faso compiled by field research during the last years. Our study intends to enhance the knowledge about the West African versions of this transition, traditionally seen as one of the most fundamental changes in human prehistory. Embedded in an interregional program the Sahel Zone of Burkina Faso has proved to be one of its most unexpected examples
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