Analysis of the possibility of\ud using the distributed two-dimensional model Flo-2D for hydrological modelling

The paper presents a hydrological model of the Glinščica watershed with the program \ud Flo-2D. The aim of \ud the research was to analyze the applicability of the two-dimensional mathematical model Flo-2D for \ud hydrological modeling and to compare the results with the one-dimensional HEC-HMS model. Flo-2D is \ud a commercial, physically based model with distributed parameters. lts main purpose is \ud modeling river hydraulics. lt continuously computes the rainfall runoff from the watershed according to the \ud topography or a\ud digital elevation model (DEM), the quantity and intensity of precipitation, the land use and soil \ud type. On the other hand, HEC-HMS is freely available software that enables to create a simple and \ud sufficiently detailed hydrologic model on the basis of precipitation, discharge and some watershed \ud characteristics. ln both cases precipitation losses were computed with SCS (Soil Conservation \ud Service) Curve Number loss method. Flo-\ud 2D model was calibrated by varying input and modeling parameters including grid size, roughness \ud coefficients and SCS Curve Numbers. The results of 10-year and 100-year events and 2, 12 and \ud 24-hour storms are also compared. The results of runoff volumes are comparable, but the shape of \ud runoff hydrograph computed with HEC-HMS model is much better. ln the Flo-2D model assessing the \ud Manning roughness coefficient and selecting the size of the grid cells are the most problematic, \ud whereas in the HEC-HMS model it is the assessment of the time of concentration. Calibration of the \ud model with distributed parameters is difficult and time-consuming. The results have shown that the \ud Flo-2D model can be used in hydrological\ud practice only in cases where good input data are available for the model and its calibration.\u

Synthesis of 2-oxoazetidin-1-yl tosylate inhibitors of penicillin-binding proteins

Betalaktamaze predstavljajo pomemben del bakterijske rezistence na β-laktamske antibiotike. S svojim mehanizmom delovanja odpirajo β-laktamski obroč, ki je nujen za antibiotično delovanje. Za namen preprečevanja bakterijske rezistence so v klinični uporabi predvsem zaviralci beta laktamaz (klavulanska kislina, sulbaktam, tazobaktam). Zaradi njihovega podobnega mehanizma delovanja lahko mutacije, ki spremenijo njihova tarčna mesta delovanja, privedejo do navzkrižne rezistence. Prav zato se v tej magistrski nalogi posvečamo sintezi novih še neraziskanih zaviralcev penicilin vezočih proteinov v bakteriji z drugačno strukturo in mehanizmom delovanja. Osredotočili smo se na sintezo monobaktamov z oksiltosilatno skupino vezano na dušik in vezavo različnih žveplovih spojin na mestu 4 β-laktamskega obroča. Mehanizem delovanja N-tosiloksi-2-azetidinov je posledica sposobnosti sulfoniloksi skupine, ki deluje kot elektron-privlačna skupina in aktivira beta-laktamski obroč. Kot izhodno spojino za naše sinteze smo uporabili 3-butenojsko kislino, ki smo jo v prvi stopnji pretvorili v kislinski klorid, tega pa nato v hidroksamsko kislino. V naslednjem koraku smo z benzil kloroformatom zaščitili prosto hidroksilno skupino in s tem omogočili uspešen potek ciklizacije do osnovnega β-laktamskega obroča. Ciklizaciji je sledila odstranitev benzil karbamatne zaščite in vezava alilnega fragmenta na to mesto. Tako smo pripravili osnovno spojino, na katero smo namesto broma vezali štiri različne žveplo vsebujoče organske fragmente. Temu je sledila še dvostopenjska zamenjava alila s tosilno skupino do končnih spojin. Uspešno smo sintetizirali vse štiri želene spojine, katerim smo z masno spektrometrijo visoke ločljivosti, IR spektrometrijo in jedrsko magnetno resonanco potrdili identiteto in čistoto.Beta-lactamases represent an important part of bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. With their own mechanism of action they open the β-lactam ring needed for antibiotic activity. For the purpose of preventing bacterial resistance three β-lactamase inhibitors are in clinical use (clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam), used in combination with classic β-lactam antibiotics. Because of their similar mechanism of action, mutations that result in modification of their target sites may lead to cross resistance to all three compounds in bacteria. That is why in this master\u27s thesis we concentrate on the synthesis of novel penicillin binding protein and/or beta lactamase inhibitors with different structure and mechanism of action. We focused on the synthesis of monobactams with an oxyltosylate group bound to nitrogen and substitution of different sulfur compounds at the 4-β-lactam ring. The mechanism of action of N-tosyloxy-2-azetidines is derived from the ability of the sulfonyloxy group to act as an electron-withdrawing group. 3-butenoic acid was used as a starting compound for our synthesis. In the first step it was converted to acyl chloride and then to hydroxamic acid. In the next step we protected the free hydroxylic group with benzyl chloroformate, which enabled successful cyclization to β-lactam ring. Cyclization was followed by removal of the benzyl carbamate protection group and the introduction of allyl moiety to this site. On this compound we attached four different sulfur compounds which replaced the bromine atom. Final compounds were obtained in two steps by the replacement of allyl with tosyl group. We successfully synthesized all four desired compounds. Their identity and purity were confirmed by high- resolution mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance

ANALYSIS OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND VIOLATION MEASURES OF THE AGRICULTURAL INSPECTORATE IN THE YEARS 2015-2019

Kmetijska inšpekcija kot organ v sestavi ministrstva deluje v okviru Inšpektorata RS za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo, lovstvo in ribištvo. Kmetijski inšpektorji pri izvajanju inšpekcijskega nadzora v osnovi vodijo inšpekcijske upravne in inšpekcijske prekrškovne postopke. Inšpektor po koncu ugotovitvenega in dokaznega postopka lahko odredi različne ukrepe, ki so odvisni od same teže kršitve in vsebine nadzora, pri čemer mora inšpektor upoštevati načelo sorazmernosti. Število in teža izdanih upravnih in prekrškovnih ukrepov nista zadostna kazalnika učinkovitosti dela inšpekcije. Diplomsko delo obsega analizo upravnih in prekrškovnih ukrepov kmetijske inšpekcije v letih 2015–2019. Podatki, s katerimi je kasneje preverjena zastavljena hipoteza, so pridobljeni s pomočjo letnih poročil Inšpektorata RS za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo, lovstvo in ribištvo. Analizirani podatki so pokazali, da je kmetijska inšpekcija v primerjanih letih izdala več upravnih kot prekrškovnih inšpekcijskih ukrepov, kar kaže na usmerjenost v skrb za prihodnjo zakonitost kmetijske inšpekcije. S pridobljeni podatki inšpektorata so analizirani še uspešnost zavezancev v pritožbenih postopkih zoper izdane upravne odločbe kmetijske inšpekcije in kasneje tudi potrjena hipoteza, da so zavezanci uspešni le v nizkem deležu pritožb. Rezultati opravljene analize upravnih in prekrškovnih ukrepov kmetijske inšpekcije omogočajo vpogled v dejavnike sistemske učinkovitosti te oblike nadzora. Prispevek diplomske naloge bi na podlagi ugotovitev lahko prišel v pomoč kmetijski inšpekciji in drugim sorodnim povezanim deležnikom.The agricultural inspectorate, as a body within the Ministry, operates under the Inspectorate of the Republic of Slovenia for Agriculture, Forestry, Hunting and Fisheries. In carrying out inspections, agricultural inspectors basically conduct inspection administrative and inspection violation procedures. When concluding the fact-finding and confirmatory procedure, the inspector my order various measures, depending on the gravity of the violation and the content of inspection, while respecting the principle of proportionality. The number and severity of issued administrative and violation measures are not sufficient efficiency indicators of inspectorate’s performance. The diploma thesis includes an analysis of administrative and violation measures of the agriculture inspectorate during the years 2015-2019. Data that later verified the set hypothesis, were obtained with the help of annual reports of the Inspectorate of the Republic of Slovenia for Agriculture, Forestry, Hunting and Fisheries. The analyzed data showed that the agricultural inspectorate issued more administrative than violation inspection measures in the compared years, which indicates a focus on care for the future legality of the agricultural inspectorate. The obtained Inspectorate data also allowed an analysis of performance of persons subjected to an inspection in appeal proceedings against issued administrative decisions of the agricultural inspectorate, and later also confirmed the hypothesis that the persons subjected to an inspection are successful only in a small number of appeals. The results of the conducted analysis of administrative and violation measures issued by the agricultural inspectorate provide an insight into the factors of systemic efficiency of this form of control. Contribution of the diploma thesis could, based on the findings, aid the agricultural inspectorate and other related participants

Hydrologic model of Glinščica watershed with program Flo - 2D

The present work begins with description of two-dimensional mathematical model Flo-2D. Its use, functioning and procedure of modeling rainfall - runoff for watershed of river Glinscica is represented. In addition analysis and comparison of the final results with results of one-dimensional model HEC-HMS is described. In the sensitivity analysis of the Flo-2D model, the influences of different parameters were tested - the loss settings, the Manning roughness coefficient, the Froude number, the control parameter TOL and the computational grid size. \ud \ud Direct runoff was computed with the Flo-2D program via the SCS Curve Number loss method procedure. Flo-2D model was calibrated and validated on measured hydrographs and runoff volume of Glinscica watershed for specific rainfall event by varying input and modeling parameters including the control parameters, the Manning roughness coefficients and the SCS curve numbers. The main part of the work contains a comparison of a two-dimensional rainfall runoff model conducted using Flo-2D model with a one-dimensional model HEC-HMS. Statistical analyses were made with the Root mean square error method - RMSE. The 10-year and 100-year storms were also modeled.\ud \ud The results have shown that differences in calibrated parameters SCS CN between 1D and 2D model is due to different mathematical algorithms and numerical model. The topographic data turned out to be the main deficiency.\u

Tests of a proximity focusing RICH with aerogel as radiator

Using aerogel as radiator and multianode PMTs for photon detection, a proximity focusing Cherenkov ring imaging detector has been constructed and tested in the KEK $\pi$2 beam. The aim is to experimentally study the basic parameters such as resolution of the single photon Cherenkov angle and number of detected photons per ring. The resolution obtained is well approximated by estimates of contributions from pixel size and emission point uncertainty. The number of detected photons per Cherenkov ring is in good agreement with estimates based on aerogel and detector characteristics. The values obtained turn out to be rather low, mainly due to Rayleigh scattering and to the relatively large dead space between the photocathodes. A light collection system or a higher fraction of the photomultiplier active area, together with better quality aerogels are expected to improve the situation. The reduction of Cherenkov yield, for charged particle impact in the vicinity of the aerogel tile side wall, has also been measured.Comment: 4 pages, 8 figure

Dimethyl Anthranilate Based Repellents Affect Cage Pecking and Feather Condition of Laying Hens

Knowledge on the usage of taste deterrents (i.e. repellents) and its association with feather pecking is limited and studies of reduction of feather pecking in commercial flocks of laying hens have not been performed previously. In this study we examined the effect of two dimethyl anthranilate (DA) based repellents on plumage condition and behaviour of 180 non-beak-trimmed laying hens housed in enriched cages (10 birds/cage) with an emphasis on feather pecking. Birds were divided into 3 groups of 60 birds each. From 20 to 40 weeks of age they were sprayed at two-week intervals with 300ml of distilled water (control group – group “C”), a water solution of DA (group “T”) and a propylene glycol solution of DA (group “P”). Hens’ behaviour was recorded by direct observation for 3 days (one, six and 13 days after spraying) in each of the two observation periods starting at hens’ age of 26 and 38 weeks. Feather condition of individual hen was recorded at 20, 26 and 38 weeks of age. Both repellents reduced cage pecking significantly (p<0.05) compared to the group C. Even though there was no significant difference in feather pecking between groups, the plumage condition of the repellent-treated birds was poorer (p<0.05) than that of the group C. This study was the first to investigate the potential of repellents to discourage feather pecking in a commercial setting

Characterisation Studies of Silicon Photomultipliers

This paper describes an experimental setup that has been developed to measure and characterise properties of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM). The measured SiPM properties are of general interest for a multitude of potential applications and comprise the Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE), the voltage dependent cross-talk and the after-pulse probabilities. With the described setup the absolute PDE can be determined as a function of wavelength covering a spectral range from 350 to 1000nm. In addition, a method is presented which allows to study the pixel uniformity in terms of the spatial variations of sensitivity and gain. The results from various commercially available SiPMs - three HAMAMATSU MPPCs and one SensL SPM - are presented and compared.Comment: 11 pages, 21 figures, submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section

Employees’ Individual Needs and their Relationship to Idiosyncratic Deals: A Latent Profile Analysis

Idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) are personalized arrangements negotiated between individual employees and their employers. Whereas research has shown that i-deals positively relate to a wide array of employee attitudes and behaviors, comparatively little is known about the individual-level antecedents of i-deals. Building on the concept of needs-supplies fit, this study addresses this research gap by investigating the role of individual needs, as conceptualized by McClelland (1987), in the negotiation of i-deals. We adopt a person-centered approach that considers the interplay of the individual needs for achievement, power, affiliation, and autonomy. Using latent profile analysis in a sample of 164 employees (study 1), we explore qualitatively and quantitatively distinct profiles of individual needs. In another sample of 553 employees from various organizations (study 2), we test the replicability of the profiles and analyze differences in successful i-deal negotiation among the profiles. Our results show that four of the profiles from study 1 could be replicated in study 2. While in study 1, one profile is identified that is characterized by an extremely high need for autonomy, study 2 identifies two profiles that are characterized by a high need for autonomy. The results also reveal that employees’ membership in profiles of individual needs predicts the successful negotiation of various types of i-deals. This study provides a nuanced understanding of the relationship between individual needs and i-deals

Assessment and mapping of the closed-loop shallow geothermal potential in Cerkno (Slovenia)

The economic viability of Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHEs) depends on the ability of the ground to exchange heat, and maps of the shallow geothermal potential are therefore useful planning tools for future installations. In this work, we present the assessment of shallow geothermal potential in Cerkno, a mountain town of 5,000 inhabitants in western Slovenia. The recently developed G.POT method was applied, taking into account site-specific ground thermal parameters and usage profiles depending on climate conditions. This work is part of the EU-funded project GRETA, aiming at supporting the diffusion of GSHPs in the Alpine territory