Coronary artery disease in women: a review on prevention, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment

Despite numerous studies on women's cardiac health throughout the past decade, the number of female deaths caused by cardiovascular disease still rises and remains the leading cause of death in women in most areas of the world. Novel studies have demonstrated that cardiovascular disease, and more specifically coronary artery disease presentations in women, are different than those in men. In addition, pathology and pathophysiology of the disease present significant gender differences, which leads to difficulties concerning diagnosis, treatment and outcome of the female population. The reason for this disparity is all steps for female cardiovascular disease evaluation, treatment and prevention are not well elucidated; and an area for future research. This review brings together the most recent studies published in the field of coronary artery disease in women and points out new directions for future investigation on some of the important issues

Cardiac arrhythmias – clinical presentation and physiopathologic mechanisms

Ultimamente o conhecimento sobre arritmias cardíacas tornou-se algo extremamentenecessário a todo médico generalista. É relativamente comum encontrarmos, em todasas especialidades médicas, indivíduos com algum tipo de distúrbio do ritmo cardíaco. Sua altaincidência e potenciais riscos ao paciente fazem com que medidas diagnósticas e terapêuticasdevam ser prontamente realizadas. Neste artigo, relatamos quatro casos clínicos envolvendo odiagnóstico e tratamento de arritmias cardíacas comumente observadas em pronto-socorros,discutindo alguns dos mecanismos fi siopatológicos responsáveis pela sua gênese.The knowledge about cardiac arrhythmias has become something extremelynecessary to all physicians. It is common found people with some kind of cardiac rhythm disturbin all medical specialties. Diagnostic and therapeutic decisions should be quickly done due tothe high incidence and potential damage to the patient. In this article, we present four clinicalcases about cardiac arrhythmias, showing something related to the diagnostic, treatment andphysiopathologic mechanisms