SIMS U-Pb, Sm-Nd isotope and geochemical study of an arkosite-amphibolite suite, Peräpohja Schist Belt: evidence for ca. 1.98 Ga A-type felsic magmatism in northern Finland

In the northern and north-eastern part of the Peräpohja Schist Belt, northern Finland, an extensive supracrustal rock unit has been identified which is composed of alternating amphibolitic and arkositic components. The amphibolites form layers whose thickness varies from one millimeter to some tens of meters, being most often a few tens of centimeters. They represent mafic tuff beds deposited concurrently with more abundant arkositic rocks. Most of the arkosites have a modal and major and trace element compositionsimilar to that of A2-type granites. For example, they exhibit high LREE/HREE, negative Eu anomalies, and flat HREE and are moderately enriched in Nb, Zr, and Y. The genesis of the arkosites is enigmatic as they show features supporting either a volcaniclastic or an epiclastic origin. In the latter case, they were derived via erosion of a source dominated by A2-type granitic rocks. Previous conventional ID-TIMS and new SIMS U-Pb dating of zircons from two arkosite samples and one mica schist sample, all three picked from the northern part of the schist belt, indicate that these rocks contain a single population of zircons with an age of ca. 1975 Ma suggesting that they are among the youngest supracrustal rocks in the schist belt. In contrast, one mica schist sample from the western part of the belt revealed only the presence of Archean zircons. The samples do not differ markedly in terms of their Nd isotopecomposition as they all have a moderately negative εNd(1900 Ma). Regardless of the genesis of the arkosites, their isotopic and geochemical data suggest a previously unknown occurrence of extensive A-type felsic magmatism at ca. 1.98 Ga, contemporaneously withsome continental flood basalts. However, concrete evidence for this felsic A-type magmatism in the form of ca. 1.98 Ga felsic plutonic rocks is virtually absent in the presently exposed Fennoscandian Shield

Geological report of the Paz River basin

Appendix 13/15 of the publication "State of the environment in the Norwegian, Finnish and Russian border area 2007" (The Finnish Environment 6/2007)

On the causality and co-movements of scandinavian stock market returns

This paper reports some tests of Scandinavian stock market indices. Firstly, Granger causality tests of daily Swedish, Norwegian, Danish and Finnish stock returns are performed. Secondly, the effects of world-wide returns on these four Scandinavian markets are analysed. Some causality between Scandinavian markets is observed. The Swedish market is found to be the leading one of the four, while the other three appear to have no significant influence on other markets. Thus, the results do not indicate full integration of information between Scandinavian stock markets. The world-wide returns seem to have significant leading effects on Scandinavian market returns. This may be due to the growing international capital movements across countries and stock exchanges. The ongoing internationalization may well have significant effects on the returns behaviour of Scandinavian stock markets, in particular in Norway, Denmark and Finland.Finance stock markets Scandinavia causality.

Human visceral adipose tissue microvascular endothelial cell isolation and establishment of co-culture with white adipocytes to analyze cell-cell communication

Communication between adipocytes and endothelial cells (EC) is suggested to play an important role in the metabolic function of white adipose tissue. In order to generate tools to investigate in detail the physiology and communication of EC and adipocytes, a method for isolation of adipose microvascular EC from visceral adipose tissue (VAT) biopsies of subjects with obesity was developed. Moreover, mature white adipocytes were isolated from the VAT biopsies by a method adapted from a previously published Membrane aggregate adipocytes culture (MAAC) protocol. The identity and functionality of the cultivated and isolated adipose microvascular EC (AMvEC) was validated by imaging their morphology, analyses of mRNA expression, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), immunostaining, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, and in vitro angiogenesis assays. Finally, we established a new trans filter co-culture system (membrane aggregate adipocyte and endothelial co-culture, MAAECC) for the analysis of communication between the two cell types. EC-adipocyte communication in this system was validated by omics analyses, revealing several altered proteins belonging to pathways such as metabolism, intracellular transport and signal transduction in adipocytes co-cultured with AMvEC. In reverse experiments, induction of several pathways including endothelial development and functions was found in AMvEC co-cultured with adipocytes. In conclusion, we developed a robust method to isolate EC from small quantities of human VAT. Furthermore, the MAAECC system established during the study enables one to study the communication between primary white adipocytes and EC or vice-versa and could also be employed for drug screening