Troubles de la personnalité et viol : implications théoriques et cliniques

During the past 30 years, behavioral and cognitive-behavioral theories of rape have evolved considerably. The influence of etio-logic factors related to personality, however, is limited to antisocial traits. The aim of the current study was, therefore, to investigate the presence of personality disorders in rapists. Forty-nine incarcerated rapists answered a French translation of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory questionnaire. On the basis of the Avery-Clark and Laws criteria (1983), 31 rapists were classified as less physically violent and 18 as more physically violent. Among the less physically violent rapists, we encountered most frequently avoidant, dependant, passive-aggressive and schizoid personality disorders. Among the more physically violent rapists, an antisocial personality disorder was predominant. The implications of these results concerning rape theories are being discussed

A geographical tool for personal exposure assessment

The European policy in urban atmospheric pollution aims at reducing its impact on human health. This problem of public health is closely related to exposure of citizens during the day. Its estimation through persons activities defines the space-time budget. Sooner or later the local authorities in charge of air quality will provide to the population about their collective or individual exposure. We have developed here a tool that supplies this information. It is based on a multi-source approach. It exploits a Geographic Information System (GIS) gathering information such as individuals mobility, the topographic database, and concentrations of pollutants. Maps and dynamic representations of individual exposure are obtained. They display indoor (home, place of work) and outdoor exposure

Adding virtual measuring stations to a network for urban air pollution mapping

International audienceMaps of pollutants concentration are usually generated by means of interpolation and extrapolation methods. The quality of the results depends mainly of the number of permanent or temporary measuring stations. This paper deals with a method for the virtual densification of the network of stations. The method creates “virtual measuring stations”. It aims at improving the quality of interpolation by increasing the number of data on pollutant concentration. The virtual stations are determined by the means of a classification method applied to each pixel of the area under concern. Discriminating elements are pollutants emission classes, land cover types, urban morphological indicators created to this purpose and distance to major roads. A first implementation was made for particulate matter (PM) for the city of Strasbourg (France) using thin-plates spline interpolation method in Arcview 9 GIS. The relative Root Mean Square Error decreases from 49% for five input stations down to 15% for the virtual stations

Communauté de pratique dans le domaine de la promotion de la santé : analyse du sentiment d’appartenance et des pratiques de leadership

Setting up a community of practice makes it possible to investigate the interactive dynamics of the group and its relation to leadership. What are the conditions for setting up and maintaining a community of practice? What circumstances enhance the cohesion of the group? The community studied concerns a partnership between members of the public and private sectors whose goal is to offer health promotion interventions intended for elementary schools. Various research tools, quantitative and qualitative, were used: the logbook, the questionnaire of profile, interviews (n=15) as well as postings (n=147) on a platform. Findings from this study indicate that this community of practice is centered not on problem-solving or training but rather on sharing of experiences and resources. The interest in studying this community of practice, its vitality and its mechanisms, rests upon good group facilitation and the sense of belonging of participants. When leadership is not shared by its members and is exerted mainly by the initiator of the community, the vitality of the community of practice is compromised, and even seriously undermined

Regulatory RNAs : future perspectives in diagnosis, prognosis, and individualized therapy

With potentially up to 1000 microRNAs (miRNAs) present in the human genome, altogether regulating the expression of thousands of genes, one can anticipate that miRNAs will play a significant role in health and disease. Deregulated protein expression induced by a dysfunctional miRNA-based regulatory system is thus expected to lead to the development of serious, if not lethal, genetic diseases. A relationship among miRNAs, Dicer, and cancer has recently been suggested. Further investigations will help establish specific causal links between dysfunctional miRNAs and diseases. miRNAs of foreign origin, e.g., viruses, may also be used as specific markers of viral infections. In these cases, miRNA expression profiles could represent a powerful diagnostic tool. Regulatory RNAs may also have therapeutic applications, by which disease-causing genes or viral miRNAs could be neutralized, or functional miRNAs be restored. Will bedside miRNA expression profiling eventually assist physicians in providing patients with accurate diagnosis, personalized therapy, and treatment outcome

Multiresolution analysis for air pollution mapping over a city - typical fields methods.

CD-Ro

A geographical tool for personal exposure assessment.

ISBN 0-9550581 -0-4 Paper 233/236 7 pagesThe European policy in urban atmospheric pollution aims at reducing its impact on human health. This particular problem of public health is closely related to the daily exposure of the population. Its estimation through analysis of individuals activities defines the space-time budget. Sooner or later the local authorities in charge of air quality will have the duty to provide to the population their collective or individual exposure. We have developed here a tool that supplies this information. It is based on a multi-source approach. It exploits a Geographic Information System (GIS) gathering information such as individuals mobility, the topographic database, and concentrations of pollutants. Maps and dynamic representations of individual exposure are obtained. They display indoor (home, place of work) and outdoor exposure