Development of 3d skin bioequivalent

The paper presents the results of studies on the development of a bioequivalent skin(dermis) based on autologous cells deposited on biodegradable microspheres. The 3D tissue-engineering design under development is intended for the pathogenetic treatment of severe skin lesions by filling in the deficit of the organ cell mass in the affected area, as well as stimulating tissue regeneration processes in patients with trophic ulcers in diabetes mellitus, pressure sores and other skin diseases.В работе представлены результаты исследований по разработке биоэквивалента кожи на основе аутологичных клеток, осажденных на биоразлагаемые микросферы. Разрабатываемая 3D тканеинженерная конструкция предназначена для патогенетической терапии тяжёлых повреждений кожи путем восполнения дефицита клеточной массы органа в области поражения, а также стимуляции процессов регенерации ткани у пациентов с трофическим язвами при сахарном диабете, пролежнях и других заболеваниях кожных покрово

Exosomes as a means of targeted drug delivery

Exosomes are a subgroup of extracellular vesicles ranging in size from 40 nm to 100 nm. They are an endogenous mechanism of intercellular communication. Since the discovery that there are specific receptors on the surface of exosome membranes that facilitate the targeted transfer of biological information to specific "target cells", the potential use of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles has gained considerable scientific interest. This type of extracellular vesicle may have many advantages over currently available drug delivery systems, such as the ability to overcome natural barriers, their cell-targeting properties, and the protection of the contents from environmental influences. The aim of this work is to generalize the approaches of loading extracellular vesicles with exogenous loads and to discuss their advantages and limitationsЭкзосомы являются подгруппой внеклеточных везикул размерами от 40 нм до 100 нм. Они осуществляютё эндогенный механизм межклеточной коммуникации. С момента открытия того, что на поверхности мембран экзосом имеются специфические рецепторы, которые способствуют целенаправленной передаче биологической информации конкретным «клеткаммишеням», потенциальное использование экзосом в качестве средств доставки лекарств приобрело значительный научный интерес. Данный вид внеклеточных везикул может иметь множество преимуществ перед имеющимися в настоящее время средствами доставки лекарственных средств, таких как способность преодолевать естественные барьеры, их свойства нацеливания на клетки и защита содержимого от воздействия окружающей среды. Целью данной работы является обобщение подходов нагрузки внеклеточных везикул экзогенными грузами и обсуждение их преимуществ и ограничений

Экспрессия мРНК генов химиочувствительности как предиктор ответа на неоадъювантную химиотерапию при немелкоклеточном раке легкого

The objective response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is approximately 16 %. Therefore, the search for new predictive factors and markers that could precisely predict the NAC response and be relevant to the choice of the adequate treatment policy is of utmost importance. the purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between the expression levels of chemosensitivity genes and NAC response in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. material and methods. The study included 30 patients with stage IIAIIIB NSCLC. Total RNA was isolated from normal and tumor lung tissue samples prior to NAC. The expression level of chemosensitivity genes, such as BRCA1, RRM1, ERCC1, TOP1, TOP2a, TUBB3, TYMS, and GSTP1 was evaluated by real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). results. A significant difference in the expression levels of the studied genes between patients with different NAC response was found. The objective response to therapy was observed in 67 % (10/15) of patients having no ERCC1 expression compared to those with ERCC1 expression (p<0.05). Low (less than 0.2) and high (more than 1.2) BRCA1 expression levels were associated with low rates of NAC response compared with patients whose expression level was between the lower and upper quartiles. Statistically significant differences were shown for the GSTP1 and RRM1 genes. conclusion. A comprehensive assessment of the expression of chemosensitivity genes is important not only in terms of understanding heterogeneity and complexity of the molecular biology of NSCLC, but also for more accurate prediction of response to NAC and identification of potential drug targets.Частота объективного ответа на неоадъювантную химиотерапию (НХТ) при лечении больных немелкоклеточным раком легкого (НМРЛ) в среднем составляет 16 %. В этой связи актуальным является поиск новых предсказательных факторов и маркеров, которые позволили бы с высокой вероятностью не только прогнозировать эффект НХТ, но и адекватно выбирать схему лечения для конкретного пациента. Цель исследования – изучение связи уровня экспрессии генов химиочувствительности с эффективностью неоадъювантной химиотерапии у больных немелкоклеточным раком легкого. материал и методы. В исследование были включены 30 больных НМРЛ IIA–IIIB стадии. Из биопсийного материала нормальной и опухолевой тканей легкого до НХТ выделяли РНК. Уровень экспрессии генов химиочувствительности BRCA1, RRM1, ERCC1, TOP1, TOP2a, TUBB3, TYMS, GSTP1 оценивали при помощи обратно-транскриптазной количественной ПЦР в режиме реального времени (RT-qPCR). Результаты. Анализ показателей экспрессии изучаемых генов позволил установить значимые различия в группах больных с разным эффектом НХТ. В 67 % случаев (10/15) отсутствие экспрессии ERCC1 обусловливает наличие объективного ответа на лечение, по сравнению с группой, где присутствует экспрессия (p<0,05). Наличие низкого (менее 0,2) и высокого (более 1,2) уровня экспрессии BRCA1 сопряжено с низкими показателями эффективности НХТ, по сравнению с группой больных, у которых уровень эффективности находился в пределах нижней и верхней границы тертилей. Также статистически значимые различия были показаны для генов GSTP1 и RRM1. заключение. Таким образом, комплексная оценка экспрессии генов химиочувствительности важна не только с точки зрения понимания молекулярной биологии НМРЛ, но и для более точного определения эффекта НХТ и обнаружения потенциальных мишеней для лекарственных средств

Emerging IT risks: insights from German banking

How do German banks manage the emerging risks stemming from IT innovations such as cyber risk? With a focus on process, roles and responsibilities, field data from ten banks participating in the 2014 ECB stress test were collected by interviewing IT managers, risk managers and external experts. Current procedures for handling emerging risks in German banks were identified from the interviews and analysed, guided by the extant literature. A clear gap was found between enterprise risk management (ERM) as a general approach to risks threatening firms’ objectives and ERM’s neglect of emerging risks, such as those associated with IT innovations. The findings suggest that ERM should be extended towards the collection and sharing of knowledge to allow for an initial understanding and description of emerging risks, as opposed to the traditional ERM approach involving estimates of impact and probability. For example, as cyber risks emerge from an IT innovation, the focus may need to switch towards reducing uncertainty through knowledge acquisition. Since individual managers seldom possess all relevant knowledge of an IT innovation, various stakeholders may need to be involved to exploit their expertise

mRNA expression of chemosensitivity genes as a predictor of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer

The objective response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is approximately 16 %. Therefore, the search for new predictive factors and markers that could precisely predict the NAC response and be relevant to the choice of the adequate treatment policy is of utmost importance. the purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between the expression levels of chemosensitivity genes and NAC response in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. material and methods. The study included 30 patients with stage IIAIIIB NSCLC. Total RNA was isolated from normal and tumor lung tissue samples prior to NAC. The expression level of chemosensitivity genes, such as BRCA1, RRM1, ERCC1, TOP1, TOP2a, TUBB3, TYMS, and GSTP1 was evaluated by real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). results. A significant difference in the expression levels of the studied genes between patients with different NAC response was found. The objective response to therapy was observed in 67 % (10/15) of patients having no ERCC1 expression compared to those with ERCC1 expression (p<0.05). Low (less than 0.2) and high (more than 1.2) BRCA1 expression levels were associated with low rates of NAC response compared with patients whose expression level was between the lower and upper quartiles. Statistically significant differences were shown for the GSTP1 and RRM1 genes. conclusion. A comprehensive assessment of the expression of chemosensitivity genes is important not only in terms of understanding heterogeneity and complexity of the molecular biology of NSCLC, but also for more accurate prediction of response to NAC and identification of potential drug targets

RESULTS OF A MULTICENTER CLINICAL STUDY OF A NEW COMBINATION VACCINE DTaP-HepB+Hib PRODUCTION OF THE CPA «MICROGEN» FOR IMMUNIZATION OF CHILDREN 6 MONTHS

Aim. The aim of the study is evaluate of reactogenicity, safety and immunogenicity of the native combined vaccine DTaP-HepB+Hib. Materials and methods. Assessment of reactogenicity, safety and immunogenicity of the drug is investigated in a multicenter, comparative, randomized, simple-blind clinical trial of immunization of children 6 months (the comparator vaccine DTaP-HepB combined vaccine, Hiberix®). Results. The native combined vaccine DTaP-HepB+Hib is characterized by good tolerability, high safety profile and a pronounced immunogenicity. In terms of seroprotection, seroconversion and geometric mean titers of antibodies comparable to that used in Russia of vaccines DTP-HBV and Hiberix®. Conclusion. Vaccine DTaP-HepB+Hib can be recommended for registration in the territory of the Russian Federation for the prevention of pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B and Hib-infection