A spatial regression analysis of Colombia’s narcodeforestation with factor decomposition of multiple predictors

In the current accelerated process of global warming, forest conservation is becoming more difficult to address in developing countries, where woodlands are often fueling the illegal economy. In Colombia, the issue of narcodeforestation is of great concern, because of the ramification of narcoactivities that are affecting forests, such as agribusinesses and cattle ranching for money laundering. In this study, we use spatially explicit regressions incorporating a factor decomposition of predictors through principal component analysis to understand the impact of coca plantations on global and local-scale deforestation in Colombia. At national level we find a positive and statistically significant relationship between coca crops and deforestation. At the regional level, in two out of four regions, it appears that coca is causing deforestation, especially in the Department of Northern Santander and on the Pacific coast. The spatial models used reveal not only a direct effect but also positive and significant spillover effects, in line with the conjecture that narcodeforestation is not only due to the quest for new areas to expand coca-cultivation, which would determine a loss of forest only in the municipality where coca cultivation increases, but also to the need to launder illegal profits, or create clandestine routes and airplane strips, which can affect forests also in nearby municipalities

Asociación del nivel de ansiedad estado de los estudiantes de pregrado de los cursos clínicos de odontopediatría con los grados de comportamiento de los pacientes de 5 a 10 años en un centro de salud de una universidad privada de Lima - Perú

Objetivo: Asociar la ansiedad estado del estudiante de pregrado de los cursos clínicos de odontopediatría con los grados de comportamiento de los pacientes de 5 a 10 años en un centro universitario de salud. Materiales y métodos: El diseño del estudio fue transversal. Se evaluaron a 110 participantes, 55 estudiantes de odontología y 55 pacientes de 5 a 10 años. El nivel de ansiedad estado fue medido mediante el cuestionario IDARE, versión en español del State Trait Anxiety Inventary. Así mismo, para el grado de comportamiento se utilizó la escala de FRANKL. Además, se consideraron las variables sexo, edad, nivel curso clínico, entre otras. Se utilizó la prueba de regresión de Poisson para la asociación de las variables. El nivel de significancia se estableció como p < 0.05 y un intervalo de confianza al 95%. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un alto nivel de ansiedad estado del 50.91%. No se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa con el grado de comportamiento de los pacientes (p = 0.502) con una RP = 2.68 y un intervalo de confianza [0.85 - 8.46]. Conclusiones: Al asociar las variables ansiedad estado y comportamiento del paciente, no se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa. Sin embargo, se evidenció la presencia elevada de ansiedad estado por parte de los estudiantes universitarios de odontología.Objective: To associate the anxiety state level of undergraduate students in Pediatric Dentistry clinical courses with the behavioral levels of patients aged from 5 to 10 years in a private university medical center. Materials and methods: It was a cross-sectional study. One hundred and ten participants were evaluated, fifty-five dental students and fifty-five patients aged 5 to 10 years. The level of anxiety was measured using the IDARE questionnaire, the Spanish version of The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), which divides anxiety into two fields: state and trait anxiety. The FRANKL scale was used to assess behavioral levels. In addition, variables such as gender, age and clinical course level, amongst others were considered. The Multiple Poisson regression was used for the association of the variables. The significance level was set at p<0.05 and the confidence interval at 95%. Results: The results obtained showed a high level of anxiety state with 50.91%. No statistically significant association with the behavioral levels (p=0.502) was found, with PR =2.68 and confidence interval [0.85 - 8.46]. Conclusions: No statistically significant association was found between anxiety state and the patient's behavior. However, a high level of anxiety state of dental undergraduate students was evident.Tesi

A spatial regression analysis of Colombia’s narcodeforestation with factor decomposition of multiple predictors

Abstract In the current accelerated process of global warming, forest conservation is becoming more difficult to address in developing countries, where woodlands are often fueling the illegal economy. In Colombia, the issue of narcodeforestation is of great concern, because of the ramification of narcoactivities that are affecting forests, such as agribusinesses and cattle ranching for money laundering. In this study, we use spatially explicit regressions incorporating a factor decomposition of predictors through principal component analysis to understand the impact of coca plantations on global and local-scale deforestation in Colombia. At national level we find a positive and statistically significant relationship between coca crops and deforestation. At the regional level, in two out of four regions, it appears that coca is causing deforestation, especially in the Department of Northern Santander and on the Pacific coast. The spatial models used reveal not only a direct effect but also positive and significant spillover effects, in line with the conjecture that narcodeforestation is not only due to the quest for new areas to expand coca-cultivation, which would determine a loss of forest only in the municipality where coca cultivation increases, but also to the need to launder illegal profits, or create clandestine routes and airplane strips, which can affect forests also in nearby municipalities